Phase 1 · Sentence Foundation · Chapter 6

Questions (3 Types)

Level A1 Priority Essential Skills Read · Write · Speak · Listen Goal Ask any question, 3 ways Depth 4–6 hrs
Objective: Learn the 3 ways to ask a question in French — casual intonation (just raise your voice at the end of a statement), the safe everyday est-ce que opener (glue it onto the front and nothing else changes), and the more formal inversion (flip the verb and the pronoun) — plus every core question word you need: qui (who), que/quoi (what), où (where), quand (when), comment (how), pourquoi (why), combien (how much/many) and quel(le) (which/what). By the end you can build any question — for speaking, writing and reading — without hesitating. Objectif : poser une question de 3 façons — intonation, est-ce que, inversion — avec tous les mots interrogatifs essentiels.

Colour code — the same on every page

  • Sujetwho acts
  • Verbethe action
  • Complémentwhat follows the verb
  • Petit motarticle, preposition, pronoun
  • Négationthe two pieces around the verb
  • Lienwhat joins two ideas
Le matin, je ne me lève pas tôt parce que je travaille la nuit.

A dotted underline marks the letters that change to match something else — Elle s’est levée.

Same words, three shapes. Only the front of the sentence changes.

Tu travailles ici ?

Est-ce que tu travailles ici ?

Travailles-tu ici ?

Où est-ce que tu travailles ?

📘 Start here — this chapter is the direct grammar behind the TEF speaking exam's Section A, where you interview an interlocutor about a document by asking them questions. Master these 3 question types and you walk into that task ready. Tap 🌐 EN in the top bar to show translations. Prefer paper? 📄 Open the Workbook & PDF — 100 practice questions + answer key.

1 · The same question, 3 ways: intonation, est-ce que, inversion

In one line: French turns any statement into a yes/no question three different ways, and all three ask exactly the same thing — they just sound more casual or more formal. Start with a plain statement, the kind you already know how to build: Tu parles français. You speak French. Every French speaker has three tools for turning that statement into a question, and you'll use all three at different moments.

SubjectTu
Verbparles
Complementfrançais

Statement: Tu parles français. You speak French. — flip it with inversion and you get: Parles-tu français ? (Parles-tu français ? — Do you speak French?)

StyleHow it's builtExample
① Intonation
casual, spoken only
Keep the statement exactly as it is. Just raise your voice at the end and add "?"Tu parles français ?Do you speak French?
② Est-ce que
neutral — always safe
Glue the fixed phrase est-ce que onto the front. Nothing else in the sentence changes.Est-ce que tu parles français ?Do you speak French?
③ Inversion
formal, written
Flip the subject pronoun (a short word like tu, il, vous that stands in for a person) and the verb, joined by a hyphen.Parles-tu français ?Do you speak French?

2 · Inversion mechanics: the hyphen, the double subject, and the euphonic -t-

Parle Marie français ? — never move the noun itself after the verb.
Marie parle-t-elle français ? Does Marie speak French? (Marie stays first; -t-elle is added after the verb)
Needs the euphonic -t-No -t- needed
Parle-t-il français ?Does he speak French?Parles-tu français ?Do you speak French?
A-t-elle fini le formulaire ?Has she finished the form?Avez-vous fini le formulaire ?Have you finished the form?
Va-t-on à la banque aujourd'hui ?Are we going to the bank today?Habitez-vous ici ?Do you live here?
One pronoun to avoid inverting: "je." Flipping je with most verbs sounds awkward ("Parlé-je ?" isn't something you'll hear in real life). Use est-ce que instead: Est-ce que je parle bien ? Am I speaking well? A handful of fixed exceptions with je are common and completely fine — just memorize them as set phrases: Puis-je poser une question ? May I ask a question? and Ai-je bien compris ? Did I understand correctly?

3 · Inversion in the passé composé: flip the auxiliary, the participle doesn't move

As-tu
Past participle (unaffected)mangé ?

As-tu mangé ? Have you eaten?

The same double-subject and euphonic -t- rules from section 2 still apply here — a-t-il needs the -t- because a ends in a vowel sound and the pronoun is il; avez-vous doesn't, because avez already ends in a consonant sound.

4 · The question words: qui, que/qu'est-ce que, quoi, où, quand, comment, pourquoi, combien, quel

Qui — who

Qui can be the one doing the action (the subject) or the one receiving it (the object). As a subject, word order doesn't change at all:

Que / Qu'est-ce que and quoi — what

The #1 mix-up in this chapter: "quel" vs. "qu'est-ce que." Both can translate to English "what" — but they are completely different kinds of words. Qu'est-ce que is a fixed phrase glued to the front of a full subject + verb, and it never changes form: Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ? What do you want? Quel is an adjective — a describing word — that sits directly in front of a noun and must agree (match in gender and number) with that noun: Quel document voulez-vous ? Which document do you want? Ask yourself: is there a noun right after "what"? If yes ("what document," "what time"), you need quel and it must agree. If "what" stands alone as the thing being asked about, you need qu'est-ce que (or que).

Où, quand, comment, pourquoi, combien

WordMeaningExample
OùwhereOù habitez-vous ?Where do you live?
QuandwhenQuand est le rendez-vous ?When is the appointment?
CommenthowComment allez-vous ?How are you? (fixed greeting)
PourquoiwhyPourquoi étudiez-vous le français ?Why are you studying French?
Combien (de)how much / how manyCombien de documents avez-vous ?How many documents do you have?

Pourquoi is usually answered with parce que ("because"): Pourquoi apprenez-vous le français ? Parce que j'habite au Canada. Why are you learning French? Because I live in Canada.

Quel — which/what (an adjective that agrees)

Quel changes its spelling to match the noun right after it — masculine or feminine, singular or plural — even though all four forms sound almost identical out loud.

FormUsed withExample
quelmasculine singularQuel jour sommes-nous ?What day is it?
quellefeminine singularQuelle heure est-il ?What time is it?
quelsmasculine pluralQuels documents avez-vous ?Which documents do you have?
quellesfeminine pluralQuelles informations cherchez-vous ?What information are you looking for?
Quelsdocuments
Verb (inverted)avez-vous ?

Quels documents avez-vous ? Which documents do you have? (quels agrees with the masculine plural noun "documents")

5 · Same question word, three positions

StyleExample
Neutral — est-ce queOù est-ce que tu habites ?Where do you live?
Formal — inversionOù habites-tu ?Where do you live?
Casual — intonationTu habites où ?You live where?
Où
Neutral / formal — question word up frontest-ce que tu habites ? / habites-tu ?
Casual — question word moves to the endTu habites
où ?

6 · Why this chapter is your TEF speaking-exam superpower

Est-ce qu'
Rest of the sentence — unchangedil y a des places disponibles ?

Est-ce qu'il y a des places disponibles ? Is there availability? — your safest exam-room opener

Walk into Section A with a simple plan: default to est-ce que when you need a full-sentence question, reach for quel the moment you're asking about a specific named thing on the document, and use combien de the moment a number is missing. Add polished inversion (avez-vous, pouvez-vous) once it feels comfortable, to sound more natural — but est-ce que alone is enough to pass.

1 · The 3 question forms — quick reference

FormFormalityPatternExample (same sentence, 3 ways)
① IntonationCasual, spoken only — never in formal writing or on the exam pageStatement, unchanged + rising voice + "?"Tu parles français ?Do you speak French?
② Est-ce queNeutral — always correct, the safe exam defaultEst-ce que + statement, word order unchanged + "?"Est-ce que tu parles français ?Do you speak French?
③ InversionFormal, writtenVerb + hyphen + subject pronoun, swappedParles-tu français ?Do you speak French?
All three ask the identical question — only how formal it sounds changes. When unsure which to use: est-ce que is always safe.

2 · Inversion mechanics at a glance

1. The hyphen is never optional. Verb — hyphen — pronoun, always: Parles-tu ?
2. Noun subject → double subject. A full noun (not a pronoun) stays in place; French adds a matching pronoun after the verb. Never move the noun itself.
3. Euphonic -t-. Insert -t- between verb and pronoun only when the verb ends in a vowel sound and the pronoun is il / elle / on — purely for pronunciation.
4. Avoid inverting "je." Use est-ce que instead, except for the fixed set phrases Puis-je… ? and Ai-je… ?
5. Compound tenses (passé composé): only the auxiliary (avoir/être) inverts with the pronoun — the past participle never moves (see section 3).
Noun subject (statement)Question — double subject
Marie parle français.Marie speaks French.Marie parle-t-elle français ?Does Marie speak French?
Le train part à midi.The train leaves at noon.Le train part-il à midi ?Does the train leave at noon?
Les documents sont prêts.The documents are ready.Les documents sont-ils prêts ?Are the documents ready?
Parle Marie français ? — never move the noun itself after the verb.
Needs euphonic -t- (verb ends in a vowel sound + il/elle/on)No -t- needed (consonant sound, or tu/nous/vous/ils/elles)
Parle-t-il français ?Does he speak French?Parles-tu français ?Do you speak French?
A-t-elle fini le formulaire ?Has she finished the form?Avez-vous fini le formulaire ?Have you finished the form?
Va-t-on à la banque ?Are we going to the bank?Habitez-vous ici ?Do you live here?

3 · Inversion in compound tenses (passé composé)

StatementQuestion — auxiliary invertsNote
Tu as mangé.You have eaten.As-tu mangé ?Have you eaten?No -t- needed — as ends in a consonant sound
Elle est partie.She has left.Est-elle partie ?Has she left?Auxiliary être inverts; participle partie unaffected
Il a reçu la lettre.He received the letter.A-t-il reçu la lettre ?Has he received the letter?Euphonic -t- — a ends in a vowel sound + il
Vous avez fini vos documents.You have finished your documents.Avez-vous fini vos documents ?Have you finished your documents?No -t- needed — avez ends in a consonant sound
The rule in one sentence: flip the auxiliary, not the participle. Double-subject and euphonic -t- rules from section 2 still apply to the auxiliary exactly as they would to any other verb.

4 · Every question word — full reference table

WordMeaningExampleNote
QuiwhoQui parle ?Who is speaking? / Qui voyez-vous ?Whom do you see?Subject: no special change. Object: pairs with inversion or est-ce que — Qui est-ce que vous voyez ?
Quewhat (object of the verb)Que voulez-vous ?What do you want?Normally pairs with inversion
Qu'est-ce quewhat (object, neutral)Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?What do you want?Fixed phrase glued to the front — no inversion needed, the safest choice
Quoiwhat (standalone / after a preposition)De quoi parlez-vous ?What are you talking about? / Vous voulez quoi ?You want what?After a preposition (de, à…), or casual speech — moves to the very end of the sentence
OùwhereOù habitez-vous ?Where do you live?—
QuandwhenQuand est le rendez-vous ?When is the appointment?—
CommenthowComment allez-vous ?How are you?Fixed greeting phrase
PourquoiwhyPourquoi étudiez-vous le français ?Why are you studying French?Answered with parce que (because)
Combien (de)how much / how manyCombien de documents avez-vous ?How many documents do you have?de + noun for quantities and prices
Quel / quelle / quels / quelleswhich / what (an adjective, must agree)Quel jour ?masc. sing. Quelle heure ?fem. sing. Quels documents ?masc. pl. Quelles informations ?fem. pl.Sits directly before a noun and agrees in gender and number with it — all 4 forms sound almost identical spoken aloud
Lequel / laquelle / lesquels / lesquelles (advanced — recognise only)which one (a pronoun, replaces a named noun)Lequel de ces documents avez-vous ?Which one of these documents do you have?Agrees like quel; contracts with à/de: à + lequel → auquel, de + lequel → duquel

Quel vs. Qu'est-ce que — the #1 mix-up

Qu'est-ce queQuel / quelle / quels / quelles
What kind of wordFixed phrase — never changes formAdjective — must agree with the noun after it
Where it sitsGlued to the front of a full subject + verbDirectly in front of the noun it describes
Does word order change?No — no inversion neededThe verb after it may still invert (quels documents avez-vous ?)
ExampleQu'est-ce que vous voulez ?What do you want?Quel document voulez-vous ?Which document do you want?

Quick test: is there a noun right after "what" (what document, what time)? Yes → quel (and it must agree). No, "what" stands alone as the thing being asked about → qu'est-ce que (or que).

5 · Question-word position shifts by formality

FormalityWhere the question word sitsExample
Neutral — est-ce queFrontOù est-ce que tu habites ?Where do you live?
Formal — inversionFrontOù habites-tu ?Where do you live?
Casual — intonationEnd of the sentenceTu habites où ?You live where?
The one place French genuinely moves a question word depending on formality: casual speech pushes it to the very end (tu habites où ?, vous voulez quoi ?). The neutral and formal forms always keep it up front.

Questions, seen

  • This whole tab is pictures, not paragraphs — you already read the rules in Learn and Rules; here you see them.
  • Colour key: violet text marks a question word, and a violet pill marks a piece that moves or flips to build a question — usually a verb, an auxiliary, or a subject pronoun.
  • The usual sentence colours still apply too: subject · verb · complement.
  • Turn on 🌐 EN up top to see every translation at once.

1 · The same question, 3 ways

Same starting statement, same meaning, three finished questions. Only the shape changes — watch what moves (or doesn't move at all) in each pill diagram below.

Vous avez rendez-vous aujourd'hui. You have an appointment today. (the plain statement we're about to turn into a question)

① Intonation — casual, spoken only

SujetVous
Verbeavez
Complémentrendez-vous aujourd'hui ?

Vous avez rendez-vous aujourd'hui ? Do you have an appointment today?

Nothing moves — just raise your voice at the end and add "?"

② Est-ce que — neutral, always safe

Est-ce que
Sujetvous
Verbeavez
Complémentrendez-vous aujourd'hui ?

Est-ce que vous avez rendez-vous aujourd'hui ? Do you have an appointment today?

One fixed phrase glued to the front — everything after it stays exactly the same.

③ Inversion — formal, written

Avez-vous
Complémentrendez-vous aujourd'hui ?

Avez-vous rendez-vous aujourd'hui ? Do you have an appointment today?

Verb and pronoun swap places, joined by a hyphen.

All three ask the identical question. Only the shape on the page — or the tone in your voice — changes.

2 · Inversion mechanics, in pictures

Three small patches, isolated one at a time. Each diagram below highlights a single moving piece.

a) The hyphen — verb and pronoun, joined

Parles-tu
Complémentfrançais ?

Parles-tu français ? Do you speak French? — the hyphen between verb and pronoun is never optional.

b) The euphonic -t- — a pronunciation patch, not a meaning change

Verb ends in a vowel sound + pronoun is il / elle / on → insert -t-

Parle-t-il
Complémentfrançais ?

Parle-t-il français ? Does he speak French?

Verb ends in a consonant sound → no patch needed

Parles-tu
Complémentfrançais ?

Parles-tu français ? Do you speak French?

c) The double subject — a noun never moves, a pronoun is added instead

Noun subject — stays putMarie
Verbeparle
-t-elle
Complémentfrançais ?

Marie parle-t-elle français ? Does Marie speak French? — Marie stays exactly where it was; a matching pronoun (elle) is added after the verb instead.

Parle Marie français ? — the noun itself never jumps after the verb.

3 · Which question word do I need?

Start from the piece of information you're missing, then pick the matching branch below. Every card plugs straight into any of the 3 question styles from section 1.

who → qui
the person doing or receiving the action

Qui parle ? Who is speaking?

what, object of the verb → que / qu'est-ce que
qu'est-ce que is the safe, no-inversion version

Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ? What do you want?

what, standalone / after a preposition → quoi
a small linking word like de, à comes right before it

De quoi parlez-vous ? What are you talking about?

where → où
a place

Où habitez-vous ? Where do you live?

when → quand
a moment in time

Quand est le rendez-vous ? When is the appointment?

how → comment
a manner or condition — also the fixed greeting

Comment allez-vous ? How are you?

why → pourquoi
a reason — answered with parce que

Pourquoi étudiez-vous le français ? Why are you studying French?

how much / how many → combien (de)
a quantity or a price

Combien de documents avez-vous ? How many documents do you have?

which + noun → quel / quelle / quels / quelles
an adjective — must agree with the noun right after it

Quels documents avez-vous ? Which documents do you have?

which one (already named) → lequel / laquelle…
advanced — recognise it for now, you don't need to produce it yet

Lequel de ces documents avez-vous ? Which one of these documents do you have?

4 · Same question word, three positions

Follow one question word — où — across all three styles. Watch where it sits: front, front, then all the way to the end.

Neutral — est-ce que

Oùest-ce que vous habitez ?

Où est-ce que vous habitez ? Where do you live?

Formal — inversion

Oùhabitez-vous ?

Où habitez-vous ? Where do you live?

Casual — intonation

Vous habitezoù ?

Vous habitez où ? You live where?

The same shift happens with qu'est-ce que: Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ? (neutral) becomes Que voulez-vous ? (formal) or Vous voulez quoi ? (casual — quoi lands at the very end).

5 · Compound-tense inversion, in pictures

In the passé composé, only the small helper verb (avoir or être) flips with the pronoun. The past participle — the main chunk of meaning — stays put, right after, unaffected.

Pronoun subject

As-tu
Participe (unaffected)mangé ?

As-tu mangé ? Have you eaten?

Est-elle
Participe (unaffected)partie ?

Est-elle partie ? Has she left?

Noun subject + euphonic -t- combined

Noun — stays putMarie
a-t-elle
Participe (unaffected)fini ses documents ?

Marie a-t-elle fini ses documents ? Has Marie finished her documents? — euphonic -t- because 'a' ends in a vowel sound and the pronoun is elle; Marie itself never moves.

The rule in one line: flip the auxiliary, not the participle. Every mechanic from section 2 — the hyphen, the euphonic -t-, the double subject — still applies to that auxiliary exactly as it would to any other verb.

6 · Casual vs. neutral vs. formal, side by side

Same four questions, three styles each. Notice which question words stay glued to the front no matter what (quel + noun), and which ones are willing to slide toward the end in casual speech (quoi, combien).

Casual — intonationNeutral — est-ce queFormal — inversion
Vous avez rendez-vous aujourd'hui ?Do you have an appointment today?Est-ce que vous avez rendez-vous aujourd'hui ?Do you have an appointment today?Avez-vous rendez-vous aujourd'hui ?Do you have an appointment today?
Tu habites où ?You live where?Où est-ce que tu habites ?Where do you live?Où habites-tu ?Where do you live?
Vous voulez quoi ?You want what?Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?What do you want?Que voulez-vous ?What do you want?
Vous avez combien de documents ?You have how many documents?Combien de documents est-ce que vous avez ?How many documents do you have?Combien de documents avez-vous ?How many documents do you have?
Quels documents vous avez ?Which documents do you have?Quels documents est-ce que vous avez ?Which documents do you have?Quels documents avez-vous ?Which documents do you have?
Où, quoi / qu'est-ce que and combien de are all willing to slide toward the end of the sentence in casual speech — but quel + noun stays glued to its noun and stays up front in all three styles, because it's an adjective describing that noun, not a free-floating word.

Where the question rules bend

1 · The euphonic -t-, in full

Needs the euphonic -t- (verb ends in a vowel sound + il/elle/on)No -t- needed
Parle-t-il français ? Does he speak French?Parles-tu français ? Do you speak French? — pronoun isn't il/elle/on
Mange-t-elle à midi ? Does she eat at noon?Mangez-vous à midi ? Do you eat at noon? — pronoun isn't il/elle/on
Arrive-t-il à l'heure ? Does he arrive on time?Arrivent-ils à l'heure ? Do they arrive on time? — "ils" isn't il/elle/on
Va-t-on à la banque aujourd'hui ? Are we going to the bank today?Allez-vous à la banque aujourd'hui ? Are you going to the bank today?
A-t-elle fini le formulaire ? Has she finished the form?Vend-il la maison ? Is he selling the house? — "vend" already ends in a consonant sound ("d"), so even with "il" no -t- is added
Habite-t-elle à Toronto ? Does she live in Toronto?Finit-il son travail à temps ? Does he finish his work on time? — "finit" already ends in "t", nothing extra needed
One-line test: is the pronoun il, elle, or on, AND does the verb form right before it end in a vowel sound? Only then do you need -t-. Any other pronoun, or a verb form that already ends in a consonant sound (like -d or -t), needs nothing extra.

2 · Inversion with "je" — awkward, except for a small set of fixed phrases

A handful of fixed phrases with je-inversion break that rule and are still completely normal — memorize them as ready-made chunks rather than trying to build the pattern yourself with other verbs:

Fixed phraseMeaningExample
Puis-je…?May I…?Puis-je poser une question ? May I ask a question?
Ai-je…?Have I… / Did I…?Ai-je bien compris ? Did I understand correctly?
Dois-je…? (bonus — same family)Must I…?Dois-je apporter mon passeport ? Must I bring my passport?
Puis-je is the polished, slightly formal cousin of "Est-ce que je peux…?" — both mean "May I…?" and both are correct, but Puis-je sounds a touch more polite, which is perfect for a bank, an office, or the exam room.

3 · A full-noun subject always needs a double subject

StatementQuestion — noun stays, matching pronoun added
Marie parle français. Marie speaks French.Marie parle-t-elle français ? Does Marie speak French?
Le formulaire est prêt. The form is ready.Le formulaire est-il prêt ? Is the form ready?
Les documents sont complets. The documents are complete.Les documents sont-ils complets ? Are the documents complete?
La banque ferme à 17h. The bank closes at 5pm.La banque ferme-t-elle à 17h ? Does the bank close at 5pm?
Les enfants vont à l'école. The children go to school.Les enfants vont-ils à l'école ? Do the children go to school?

What goes wrong if you skip the double subject and move the noun itself instead:

Parle Marie français ? wrong — a full noun never physically jumps after the verb, the way a short pronoun does
Est prêt le formulaire ? wrong — same mistake: the noun subject moved instead of staying put
Marie parle-t-elle français ? correct — Marie stays first; -t-elle is the piece that actually inverts
Le formulaire est-il prêt ? correct — le formulaire stays first; -il is the piece that actually inverts
Memory anchor: think of the noun as "too heavy to move." It plants itself at the front and sends a lightweight stand-in — il, elle, ils, or elles — to do the actual flipping for it.

4 · Que, qu'est-ce que, quoi — one meaning, three positions

MeaningFormal — que + inversionNeutral — qu'est-ce que, no inversionCasual — quoi at the end
What do you want?Que voulez-vous ? What do you want?Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ? What do you want?Vous voulez quoi ? You want what?
What are you looking for?Que cherchez-vous ? What are you looking for?Qu'est-ce que vous cherchez ? What are you looking for?Vous cherchez quoi ? You're looking for what?
What are you doing?Que faites-vous ? What are you doing?Qu'est-ce que vous faites ? What are you doing?Vous faites quoi ? You're doing what?
Quick test: is "what" standing right after a preposition (de, à, avec, pour…)? Only quoi can go there — que is not allowed in that spot. Is "what" the plain object of the verb, with no preposition in sight? Then all three tools — que, qu'est-ce que, quoi — are available, and you just pick the one that matches how formal you're being.

5 · Quel vs. qu'est-ce que — six wrong/right pairs

#WrongRightWhy
1Qu'est-ce que jour sommes-nous ?Quel jour sommes-nous ? What day is it?a bare noun ("jour") follows — needs the adjective quel, not qu'est-ce que
2Quel voulez-vous ?Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ? What do you want?no noun anywhere in the sentence — quel has nothing to agree with, so it can't be used here
3Quel heure est-il ?Quelle heure est-il ? What time is it?"heure" is feminine — the adjective must agree: quelle, not quel
4Qu'est-ce que documents avez-vous ?Quels documents avez-vous ? Which documents do you have?a bare plural noun ("documents") follows — needs quels, the plural adjective form
5Quel est-ce que vous cherchez ?Qu'est-ce que vous cherchez ? What are you looking for?you can't glue quel onto est-ce que — pick one tool, not both at once
6Quelle est votre nom ?Quel est votre nom ? What is your name?"nom" is masculine — the adjective must agree: quel, not quelle
One-line test, every time: is there a noun sitting right after "what" (what day, what time, what documents, what name)? Yes → you need quel and it must agree with that noun. Is "what" standing completely alone, with no noun attached to it? → you need qu'est-ce que (or que).

6 · N'est-ce pas — a fixed tag, not a build-it-yourself phrase

Treat n'est-ce pas as a single sticker you attach to the end of any statement, positive or negative, in any tense — it never changes shape to match the subject or the verb the way real inversion does.

7 · Lequel, laquelle, lesquels, lesquelles — recognise only, for now

FormReplaces+ à becomes+ de becomes
lequelmasculine singular nounauquelduquel
laquellefeminine singular nounà laquelle (no fusion)de laquelle (no fusion)
lesquelsmasculine plural nounauxquelsdesquels
lesquellesfeminine plural nounauxquellesdesquelles
You don't need to actively build these yourself yet — just recognise lequel / laquelle / lesquels / lesquelles (and their fused forms auquel, duquel, auxquels, auxquelles) when you meet them while reading or listening, and know they all mean some version of "which one(s)."

The 7 exceptions, at a glance

#ExceptionRemember it as
1Euphonic -t-vowel sound + il/elle/on → insert -t-; otherwise nothing extra
2Inversion with "je"awkward for most verbs — use est-ce que, except Puis-je / Ai-je
3Full-noun subjectsnoun stays put; a matching pronoun after the verb inverts instead
4Que / qu'est-ce que / quoisame meaning, three positions; only quoi can follow a preposition
5Quel vs. qu'est-ce quenoun right after "what" → quel (agrees); "what" alone → qu'est-ce que
6N'est-ce pasfixed tag meaning "isn't that right?" — never changes shape
7Lequel / laquelle / lesquels / lesquelles"which one" — replaces a named noun; recognise only for now

192 real questions, grouped by pattern

1 · The same 10 questions, all 3 ways — 30 examples

One meaning, three finished sentences each. Read across each row — casual, then neutral, then formal — and notice the meaning never budges.

Casual — intonationNeutral — est-ce queFormal — inversion
Tu parles français ?Do you speak French?Est-ce que tu parles français ?Do you speak French?Parles-tu français ?Do you speak French?
Vous avez rendez-vous aujourd'hui ?Do you have an appointment today?Est-ce que vous avez rendez-vous aujourd'hui ?Do you have an appointment today?Avez-vous rendez-vous aujourd'hui ?Do you have an appointment today?
Vous travaillez au Canada ?Do you work in Canada?Est-ce que vous travaillez au Canada ?Do you work in Canada?Travaillez-vous au Canada ?Do you work in Canada?
Tu habites à Montréal ?Do you live in Montreal?Est-ce que tu habites à Montréal ?Do you live in Montreal?Habites-tu à Montréal ?Do you live in Montreal?
Vous avez vos documents ?Do you have your documents?Est-ce que vous avez vos documents ?Do you have your documents?Avez-vous vos documents ?Do you have your documents?
Vous cherchez un appartement ?Are you looking for an apartment?Est-ce que vous cherchez un appartement ?Are you looking for an apartment?Cherchez-vous un appartement ?Are you looking for an apartment?
Vous comprenez le français ?Do you understand French?Est-ce que vous comprenez le français ?Do you understand French?Comprenez-vous le français ?Do you understand French?
Tu as une voiture ?Do you have a car?Est-ce que tu as une voiture ?Do you have a car?As-tu une voiture ?Do you have a car?
Vous acceptez les cartes de crédit ?Do you accept credit cards?Est-ce que vous acceptez les cartes de crédit ?Do you accept credit cards?Acceptez-vous les cartes de crédit ?Do you accept credit cards?
Vous avez besoin d'aide ?Do you need help?Est-ce que vous avez besoin d'aide ?Do you need help?Avez-vous besoin d'aide ?Do you need help?

2 · Qui — who — 15 examples

As a subject, qui changes nothing about word order. As an object, it pairs with inversion or est-ce que.

3 · Que / Qu'est-ce que / Quoi — what — 20 examples

Same meaning, three shapes: que + inversion, qu'est-ce que neutral, quoi standalone / after a preposition / at the end in casual speech.

4 · Où — where — 12 examples

5 · Quand — when — 12 examples

6 · Comment — how — 12 examples

7 · Pourquoi — why — 12 examples

Pourquoi stays up front in all three registers — it's answered with parce que (because).

8 · Combien (de) — how much / how many — 15 examples

9 · Quel / quelle / quels / quelles — 20 examples (5 per form)

Same word, four spellings — it must agree with the noun standing right beside it.

Quel — masculine singular

Quelle — feminine singular

Quels — masculine plural

Quelles — feminine plural

10 · Inversion with the euphonic -t- — 12 examples

Verb ends in a vowel sound, pronoun is il / elle / on → the -t- slips in to keep the sound smooth.

11 · Inversion in the passé composé — 12 examples

Only the auxiliary (avoir / être) flips with the pronoun — the past participle stays put, right after.

12 · TEF Section A — interviewing about a document, formal "vous" — 20 examples

The exact task the exam gives you: a flyer for a French course lands in front of you, and you must ask the interlocutor everything missing from it. These 20 questions are a ready-made model for that task.

Tally for this tab: 30 (yes/no, 3 forms) + 15 (qui) + 20 (que/qu'est-ce que/quoi) + 12 (où) + 12 (quand) + 12 (comment) + 12 (pourquoi) + 15 (combien de) + 20 (quel/quelle/quels/quelles) + 12 (euphonic -t- inversion) + 12 (passé composé inversion) + 20 (TEF Section A interview) = 192 real French example questions in this tab.

Translation traps (English → French)

Est-ce que tu fais parler français ? → Est-ce que tu parles français ? — English inserts a helper word into every question ("Do you speak French?"), so it's tempting to insert a matching helper in French. French never adds an extra helper verb for est-ce que or inversion — the real verb does the work by itself.
Comment êtes-vous ? → Comment allez-vous ? — a word-for-word translation of "how are you" reaches for être (to be), but this exact greeting is a fixed phrase built with aller (to go), not être.
Combien argent avez-vous ? → Combien d'argent avez-vous ? — English "how much money" needs no linking word between the two pieces, but French combien always needs de (d' before a vowel sound) glued right in front of the noun.
Quoi vous voulez ? → Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ? / Vous voulez quoi ? — English "what do you want" puts "what" up front, so it's tempting to open a French sentence with quoi too. Quoi never opens a sentence on its own — it only stands after a preposition, or, in casual speech, right at the very end.
Vous avez un compte, non ? → Avez-vous un compte ? / Est-ce que vous avez un compte ? — English can turn a statement into a question just by tacking "right?" onto the end. In formal French writing, a real flip (inversion) or est-ce que is needed — a tacked-on tag isn't enough.

Habits from Hindi / Punjabi that sneak into French

    • Hindi/Punjabi can form a question just by adding a question word at the start, or by rising tone alone — no subject-verb flip is required at all:
    • Vous avez un compte bancaire ? (written exactly like that, with nothing else added) → Est-ce que vous avez un compte bancaire ? / Avez-vous un compte bancaire ?

    • Cue: in formal writing, a question needs a visible marker — est-ce que up front or a hyphenated flip.
  • Rising tone by itself only works when someone can actually hear your voice.
    • Hindi/Punjabi question words usually stay in the same slot a statement would put that piece of information — so the reflex is to leave the question word in the middle instead of moving it to the front:
    • Vous habitez où au Canada ? (as an attempt at a neutral or formal question) → Où est-ce que vous habitez au Canada ? / Où habitez-vous au Canada ?

    • Cue: in the neutral and formal styles, the question word jumps to the very front.
  • It only stays at the end in the one casual, spoken-only style.
    • Because Hindi/Punjabi lean on one all-purpose word for "what," it's natural to reach for one all-purpose French word too — so quel and qu'est-ce que get treated as interchangeable: Qu'est-ce que document avez-vous ? → Quel document avez-vous ?

    • Cue: if a noun follows "what," you need quel, and it must agree with that noun.
  • If "what" stands alone, you need qu'est-ce que.
  • This last one isn't tied to Hindi or Punjabi at all — it trips up everyone, whatever language they grew up speaking: nothing in any other language prepares you for the tiny euphonic -t-, so it gets left out constantly:
  • Parle-il bien français ? → Parle-t-il bien français ?

  • Cue: with il/elle/on only, if the verb form ends in a vowel letter (like the -e of parle, or the -a of a/va), slide a -t- in between.
The four switch-offs to drill: ① a real flip or est-ce que — not rising tone alone — in writing · ② the question word moves to the front in the neutral and formal styles, only to the end in the casual style · ③ quel agrees with a following noun; qu'est-ce que stands alone · ④ the euphonic -t- with il/elle/on, whenever the verb form ends in a vowel letter.

Mistake bank — 76 to fix for good

A · Relying on intonation alone in formal writing instead of est-ce que or inversion

✗ Wrong✓ RightWhy
Vous avez un compte bancaire ? (as the whole written question)Est-ce que vous avez un compte bancaire ?on paper there's no rising voice to signal a question — add a visible marker
Tu comprends la question ? (written exam answer)Comprends-tu la question ?same fix — inversion also works
Vous êtes disponible lundi ? (formal email)Est-ce que vous êtes disponible lundi ?a formal written message needs a real marker, not just a question mark
Il y a des places ? (cover letter)Y a-t-il des places ?inversion signals the question without needing a spoken voice
Le formulaire est prêt ? (reading-section answer)Le formulaire est-il prêt ?double subject + inversion, no rising tone needed
Vous parlez anglais ? (exam interview task)Est-ce que vous parlez anglais ?the exam's formal task expects a visible question marker every time
On peut visiter l'appartement ? (rental inquiry, written)Est-ce qu'on peut visiter l'appartement ?same rule for written inquiries of any kind
Le train part à midi ? (copied straight from speech)Le train part-il à midi ?what sounds fine spoken needs a marker once it's on the page

B · Forgetting the hyphen in inversion, or forgetting the double subject with a noun subject

✗ Wrong✓ RightWhy
Parles tu français ?Parles-tu français ?the hyphen between verb and pronoun is never optional
Habitez vous ici ?Habitez-vous ici ?same — hyphen required
Avez vous fini ?Avez-vous fini ?same — hyphen required
Parle Marie français ?Marie parle-t-elle français ?never move a full noun after the verb — keep it in place and add a matching pronoun
Part le train à midi ?Le train part-il à midi ?same double-subject rule
Sont prêts les documents ?Les documents sont-ils prêts ?same double-subject rule, plural pronoun ils
Habite votre famille ici ?Votre famille habite-t-elle ici ?noun subject stays first, pronoun echo added after the verb
Travaille votre collègue au bureau ?Votre collègue travaille-t-il au bureau ?same — noun in place, pronoun echo after the verb

C · Missing the euphonic -t- (and over-adding it where it doesn't belong)

✗ Wrong✓ RightWhy
Parle-il bien français ?Parle-t-il bien français ?parle ends in the vowel letter -e + il → insert -t-
A-elle fini le formulaire ?A-t-elle fini le formulaire ?a ends in the vowel letter -a + elle → insert -t-
Va-on à la banque ?Va-t-on à la banque ?va ends in -a + on → insert -t-
Arrive-elle à l'heure ?Arrive-t-elle à l'heure ?arrive ends in -e + elle → insert -t-
Coûte-il cher, ce cours ?Coûte-t-il cher, ce cours ?coûte ends in -e + il → insert -t-
Habite-il près d'ici ?Habite-t-il près d'ici ?habite ends in -e + il → insert -t-
Reste-il des places ?Reste-t-il des places ?reste ends in -e + il → insert -t-
Continue-on le cours demain ?Continue-t-on le cours demain ?continue ends in -e + on → insert -t-
Habitez-t-vous ici ?Habitez-vous ici ?the -t- patch only ever appears with il/elle/on — never add it with vous
Vas-t-tu au rendez-vous ?Vas-tu au rendez-vous ?same over-application — never add -t- with tu

D · Confusing quel (agreeing adjective) with qu'est-ce que (fixed phrase)

✗ Wrong✓ RightWhy
Qu'est-ce que document avez-vous ?Quel document avez-vous ?a noun follows "what" → needs the agreeing adjective quel, not qu'est-ce que
Quel voulez-vous ?Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?quel needs a noun right after it; here "what" stands alone, so use qu'est-ce que
Qu'est-ce que heure est-il ?Quelle heure est-il ?a noun (heure) follows → quelle, agreeing feminine singular
Quel est-ce que vous cherchez ?Qu'est-ce que vous cherchez ?don't glue quel and est-ce que together — pick one
Qu'est-ce que jour sommes-nous ?Quel jour sommes-nous ?a noun (jour) follows → quel
Quel dois-je apporter ?Qu'est-ce que je dois apporter ?no noun after quel here — "what" stands alone, so use qu'est-ce que
Qu'est-ce que documents dois-je apporter ?Quels documents dois-je apporter ?a noun (documents) follows → quels, masculine plural
Quel est-ce que vous voulez ?Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?double-marking "what" with both words at once — keep only one

E · Wrong gender/number agreement on quel/quelle/quels/quelles

✗ Wrong✓ RightWhy
Quel heure est-il ?Quelle heure est-il ?heure is feminine singular → quelle
Quelle documents avez-vous ?Quels documents avez-vous ?documents is masculine plural → quels
Quel informations cherchez-vous ?Quelles informations cherchez-vous ?informations is feminine plural → quelles
Quels adresse habitez-vous ?Quelle adresse habitez-vous ?adresse is feminine singular → quelle
Quelle jour sommes-nous ?Quel jour sommes-nous ?jour is masculine singular → quel
Quel places sont disponibles ?Quelles places sont disponibles ?places is feminine plural → quelles
Quelles horaire proposez-vous ?Quel horaire proposez-vous ?horaire is masculine singular → quel
Quick check for D and E together: first ask is there a noun right after "what/which"? No noun → qu'est-ce que. Noun present → quel, then match its gender and number exactly as you would for any other describing word.

More mistakes to catch

F · Misplacing the question word — stuck at the front casually, or dragged to the end formally

✗ Wrong✓ RightWhy
Où tu habites ? (intended as the casual version)Tu habites où ?the casual style pushes the question word to the very end — leaving it up front just mixes patterns
Vous habitez où est-ce que ?Où est-ce que vous habitez ?the neutral style keeps the question word up front
Habitez-vous où ?Où habitez-vous ?the formal style also keeps the question word up front
Voulez-vous quoi ?Que voulez-vous ? / Vous voulez quoi ?don't combine formal inversion with the casual end-position quoi
Vous quand arrivez ?Quand arrivez-vous ? / Vous arrivez quand ?stranding the word mid-sentence matches neither the front pattern nor the end pattern
Vous cherchez pourquoi un appartement ?Pourquoi cherchez-vous un appartement ?pourquoi stays up front in every style — it never moves to the end
Le rendez-vous est quand est-ce que ?Quand est-ce que le rendez-vous est ? / Quand est le rendez-vous ?est-ce que pairs with the question word at the front, never tacked on after a finished statement

G · Que without inversion, or qu'est-ce que glued together incorrectly

✗ Wrong✓ RightWhy
Que tu veux ?Qu'est-ce que tu veux ? / Que veux-tu ?que alone needs inversion — unlike qu'est-ce que, it can't sit in front of unchanged word order
Que vous voulez ?Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ? / Que voulez-vous ?same fix
Qu'est-ce que voulez-vous ?Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?qu'est-ce que already removes the need for inversion — don't add it on top
Qu'est ce que tu veux ?Qu'est-ce que tu veux ?keep the hyphens and apostrophe — it's one fixed, glued phrase
Qu'est-ce-que vous cherchez ?Qu'est-ce que vous cherchez ?no hyphen between ce and que — only qu'-est-ce is hyphenated
Que voulez-vous que ?Que voulez-vous ?don't repeat que a second time at the end
Qu'est-ce que c'est que vous voulez ?Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?don't stack two "what" phrases together

H · Inversion errors in the passé composé — flipping the participle instead of the auxiliary

✗ Wrong✓ RightWhy
Mangé-tu ?As-tu mangé ?flip the auxiliary as, not the past participle mangé
Partie-elle ?Est-elle partie ?flip the auxiliary est; the participle stays after, unaffected
Fini-vous vos documents ?Avez-vous fini vos documents ?flip the auxiliary avez, participle fini stays put
Reçu-t-il la lettre ?A-t-il reçu la lettre ?flip the auxiliary a (with euphonic -t-), not the participle
Arrivés-ils à l'heure ?Sont-ils arrivés à l'heure ?flip the auxiliary sont, participle arrivés stays after
Vu-tu le médecin ?As-tu vu le médecin ?same fix — auxiliary flips, participle doesn't
Signé-vous le bail ?Avez-vous signé le bail ?same fix — auxiliary flips, participle doesn't

I · Trying inversion with "je"

✗ Wrong✓ RightWhy
Parlé-je français ?Est-ce que je parle français ?inverting "je" with most verbs sounds awkward — use est-ce que instead
Travaillé-je demain ?Est-ce que je travaille demain ?same fix
Habité-je trop loin ?Est-ce que j'habite trop loin ?same fix
Veux-je un rendez-vous ?Est-ce que je veux un rendez-vous ?same fix
Peux-je poser une question ?Puis-je poser une question ?this exact meaning is one of the fixed exceptions — the special form is puis-je, not peux-je
Sais-je la réponse ?Est-ce que je sais la réponse ?same fix — avoid inverting "je"
Étudié-je le français depuis longtemps ?Est-ce que j'étudie le français depuis longtemps ?same fix

J · Combien vs. combien de — the missing (or wrongly added) "de"

✗ Wrong✓ RightWhy
Combien documents avez-vous ?Combien de documents avez-vous ?combien + noun always needs de in between
Combien temps dure la formation ?Combien de temps dure la formation ?same fix
Combien argent avez-vous ?Combien d'argent avez-vous ?de shrinks to d' before a vowel sound
Combien étudiants y a-t-il ?Combien d'étudiants y a-t-il ?same fix
Combien coûte de billet ?Combien coûte le billet ?no noun follows combien here — de isn't needed in front of a verb like coûter
Combien de ça coûte ?Combien ça coûte ?same — don't add de in front of a pronoun + verb
Combien des documents avez-vous ?Combien de documents avez-vous ?plain de, not des, in front of the noun

Deep-dive — the 5 errors that cost the most

1 · Relying on intonation alone in writing

Vous avez un compte bancaire ? · Le formulaire est prêt ? (each written as the entire question, nothing else added)
Est-ce que vous avez un compte bancaire ? · Le formulaire est-il prêt ?
  • Why
    • rising tone is completely normal in the spoken French you'll hear constantly in Canada, so the ear files it away as "how questions sound."
    • On paper there's no voice to rise, so the reader needs a marker they can actually see.
  • Fix
    • build a habit — every time you write a question, physically check for est-ce que at the front or a hyphenated flip.
    • If neither is there, you've only written a statement with a question mark.
  • Micro-drilltake 6 casual spoken questions you'd say to a friend and rewrite each one formally with est-ce que.
  • Speakingin the exam's formal interview task, aim for at least one of est-ce que or inversion on every question you ask — pure rising tone sounds too casual for what that task expects.
  • Writingproofread every question mark in your text and trace back to confirm est-ce que or a hyphenated flip sits before it.
  • TEF riskSection A rewards exactly the fix above — a string of plain statements with question marks reads as underdeveloped, even when every word is spelled correctly.

2 · Missing the euphonic -t-

Parle-il bien français ? · A-elle fini le formulaire ?
Parle-t-il bien français ? · A-t-elle fini le formulaire ?
  • Why
    • nothing in English signals this patch at all — English never inserts an extra sound between two words — so there's no instinct telling you it's missing.
    • It only appears in this one specific spot, so it slips out easily.
  • Fixbuild a two-step check on every inverted question with il/elle/on — say the pronoun right after the verb, and if the verb form ends in the vowel letter -e or -a, slide a -t- in between.
  • Micro-drilltake 6 -er verbs with il/elle/on and invert each one aloud, catching exactly where the -t- has to appear.
  • Speakingslow down very slightly on any inverted question with il/elle/on — that split second is exactly when the -t- gets skipped under pressure.
  • Writingread every hyphenated inversion silently to yourself before submitting — if the verb form ends in -e or -a and the pronoun is il/elle/on, check the -t- is there.
  • TEF riska missing -t- is a small, very visible accuracy error that repeats constantly in formal writing and the exam interview task, since so many everyday questions use il/elle/on.

3 · The quel / qu'est-ce que mix-up

Qu'est-ce que document avez-vous ? · Quel voulez-vous ?
Quel document avez-vous ? · Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?
  • Whyboth words can translate to English "what," so they get filed under one mental bucket — but they're grammatically opposite: one is a fixed phrase that never changes, the other is a describing word that needs a partner noun and must agree with it.
  • Fixrun the noun test every single time — is there a noun sitting right after "what"? Yes → quel, matching its gender and number. No → qu'est-ce que.
  • Micro-drilltake 6 English "what" questions and sort each one into a bucket — noun-after or no-noun — before translating.
  • Speakingin the exam interview task, pause half a beat on "what" moments to run the noun test — this exact mix-up is the one graders hear most often.
  • Writingcircle every instance of "what" in your English draft and label it quel or qu'est-ce que before writing the French sentence.
  • TEF riskthis is the single most common mix-up in the whole chapter — expect it to show up in reading, listening, and speaking tasks alike.

4 · Missing the double subject with a noun subject

Parle Marie français ? · Part le train à midi ?
Marie parle-t-elle français ? · Le train part-il à midi ?
  • Why
    • the closest English pattern ("Does Mary speak French?") moves the doer's role around the verb without a hitch, so it feels natural to try moving the French noun the same way.
    • French never moves the noun — it stays exactly where it was, and a pronoun echo is added after the verb instead.
  • Fixbuild the question in two steps — first leave the noun exactly where it is, then add the matching pronoun (il/elle/ils/elles) after the verb, hyphenated, applying the -t- patch if the verb form needs it.
  • Micro-drilltake 6 statements with a noun subject and turn each into a question, keeping the noun in place and just adding the pronoun echo.
  • Speakingwhen interviewing about a document with a named subject ("le formulaire," "la date limite"), remind yourself: name stays first, pronoun echoes after the verb.
  • Writingproofread every question with a named subject and confirm the noun never moved, with a matching pronoun right after the verb.
  • TEF riskthis shows up constantly in the exam's document-interview task, since documents are full of named things — schedules, prices, dates — you'll be asking about directly.

5 · Question-word position errors

Vous habitez où est-ce que ? · Habitez-vous où ?
Où est-ce que vous habitez ? · Où habitez-vous ?
  • Why
    • this is the one place French genuinely relocates a question word depending on how formal you're being, and it only moves in one direction — to the end, and only in the casual style.
    • That makes it easy to overcorrect and start moving the question word in the neutral or formal styles too, where it must stay up front.
  • Fixlock in the rule as a one-way street — question word to the front by default (neutral, formal); only the casual, spoken-only style sends it to the end.
  • Micro-drilltake 6 question words and build all 3 styles for each one, checking the position every time.
  • Speakingdefault to keeping the question word at the front — it's correct in two of the three styles and never wrong in writing.
  • Writingnever place a question word at the end of a formal or neutral sentence — that position is reserved strictly for the casual, spoken-only style.
  • TEF riskSection A is scored in the formal, vous style, so a question word stranded at the end reads as a mismatch in formality even when every other word is correct.
Turn each miss into a drill: whenever you make one of these, do 5 of that type in the Drills tab, then re-check yourself two days later. Sections C (the euphonic -t-) and D (quel vs. qu'est-ce que) deserve extra repetitions above all the rest.

Speaking practice — ask any question without stopping to think

1 · Swap one word at a time (say every line out loud)

Ladder A — same opener (est-ce que), different subject, verb and detail

  • Start with: Est-ce que vous avez rendez-vous aujourd'hui ? Do you have an appointment today? Then change just one word each time and say the new question out loud — keeping est-ce que glued to the front and the word order behind it completely unchanged.
  • Why it helps: this is the safe question you'll reach for most in the exam, so your mouth needs to build it without a single pause:
  • Est-ce que vous avez rendez-vous demain ? Do you have an appointment tomorrow?
  • Est-ce que vous acceptez les cartes de crédit ? Do you accept credit cards?
  • Est-ce qu'il y a un parking près d'ici ? Is there parking near here?
  • Est-ce qu'il y a des places disponibles ? Is there availability?
  • Est-ce que je dois apporter une pièce d'identité ? Must I bring an ID?
  • Est-ce que je dois apporter deux photos ? Must I bring two photos?

Notice line 3 and 4: before a vowel, est-ce que squeezes to est-ce qu' (est-ce qu'il). Everything else stays put — that's the whole point of this opener.

Ladder B — inversion (the formal flip), same hyphen every time

  • Start with: Avez-vous un formulaire ? Do you have a form? Then change just one word each time and say the new question out loud, keeping the verb and the pronoun flipped and joined by a hyphen every single time.
  • Why it helps: inversion is what makes you sound polished in the exam room — and the euphonic -t- (the little sound-smoother added between a vowel and il/elle/on) has to become a reflex, not a decision:
  • Avez-vous une pièce d'identité ? Do you have an ID?
  • Pouvez-vous répéter, s'il vous plaît ? Can you repeat, please?
  • Pouvez-vous m'expliquer la procédure ? Can you explain the procedure to me?
  • Le cours commence-t-il à neuf heures ? Does the class start at nine? (noun subject → double subject; -t- because commence ends in a vowel sound + il)
  • La réunion a-t-elle lieu lundi ? Does the meeting take place on Monday? (-t- again: a + elle)
  • Les documents sont-ils obligatoires ? Are the documents required? (no -t- — sont ends in a consonant sound)

2 · Quick answers — ask the question out loud in under 3 seconds

Ask about… (English cue)A correct French question (say it fast)
the price of registrationCombien coûte l'inscription ? How much does registration cost?
which documents to bringQuels documents dois-je apporter ? Which documents must I bring?
what time the office opensÀ quelle heure ouvre le bureau ? What time does the office open?
whether parking is availableEst-ce qu'il y a un parking ? Is there parking? (formal: Y a-t-il un parking ?)
where the appointment takes placeOù est-ce que le rendez-vous a lieu ? Where does the appointment take place? (formal: Où le rendez-vous a-t-il lieu ?)
when the course startsQuand est-ce que le cours commence ? When does the course start? (formal: Quand le cours commence-t-il ?)
why the form is requiredPourquoi ce formulaire est-il obligatoire ? Why is this form required?
how many people can attendCombien de personnes peuvent participer ? How many people can attend?

3 · The centrepiece — a full TEF Section A simulation

📄 The document — a flyer for a community French class

Centre communautaire de Laval — Cours de français
Cours du soir pour débutants. Inscriptions ouvertes.
Début : septembre. Places limitées.
Renseignements à l'accueil.

What's missing (your gaps to fill):

  • the exact start date
  • which evenings and what time
  • the price
  • how many places are left
  • which documents to bring
  • whether there's a placement test
  • where the classroom is
  • whether you can pay by card.

Ask your 8–10 formal questions out loud now — one for each gap above — then reveal a full sample set. (This is one good way to ask; not the only way.)

Bonjour, je voudrais des renseignements sur le cours de français, s'il vous plaît.
1. Quand est-ce que le cours commence exactement ?
2. Quels soirs a-t-il lieu, et à quelle heure ?
3. Combien coûte l'inscription ?
4. Combien de places reste-t-il ?
5. Quels documents est-ce que je dois apporter pour m'inscrire ?
6. Est-ce qu'il y a un test de niveau avant de commencer ?
7. Où se trouve la salle de classe ?
8. Est-ce que je peux payer par carte ?
9. Puis-je m'inscrire aujourd'hui même ?
Merci beaucoup pour votre aide.
Hello, I'd like some information about the French class, please. 1. When exactly does the course start? 2. Which evenings does it take place, and at what time? 3. How much does registration cost? 4. How many places are left? 5. Which documents must I bring to register? 6. Is there a placement test before starting? 7. Where is the classroom? 8. Can I pay by card? 9. May I register today? Thank you very much for your help.
See the mix? Est-ce que carries the safe full-sentence questions, quel/quels handles the specific named things (quels soirs, quels documents), combien de handles the numbers (combien de places), and one polished Puis-je…? at the end shows range. That's a full-marks Section A shape — and est-ce que alone would already pass.

4 · Two more mini role-plays (ask 5–6 questions each)

Same idea, smaller. Ask your questions out loud first, then tap Show a sample response to compare. Stay in the formal vous the whole way through.

  • A · At the pharmacy — you're picking up a prescription.
  • Ask the pharmacist: whether the medication is ready, how many times a day to take it, whether you can take it with food, how much it costs, and whether it's covered by your insurance.
  • Ask at least 5 questions, all in vous.
  • Why: gathering practical details from a professional is exactly what Section A rewards.
Bonjour, est-ce que mon médicament est prêt ? Combien de fois par jour est-ce que je dois le prendre ? Est-ce que je peux le prendre avec de la nourriture ? Combien coûte ce médicament ? Est-ce qu'il est couvert par mon assurance ?Hello, is my medication ready? How many times a day must I take it? Can I take it with food? How much does this medication cost? Is it covered by my insurance?
  • B · Calling about an apartment listing — you saw an ad for a two-bedroom.
  • Ask the landlord: whether it's still available, what the rent is, whether heating is included, which month it's free from, whether pets are allowed, and when you could visit.
  • Ask at least 5 questions, all in vous.
  • Why: apartment-hunting questions come up constantly in real Canadian life and in exam documents.
Bonjour, est-ce que l'appartement est toujours disponible ? Quel est le loyer par mois ? Est-ce que le chauffage est inclus ? À partir de quel mois est-il libre ? Est-ce que les animaux sont acceptés ? Quand est-ce que je peux le visiter ?Hello, is the apartment still available? What is the rent per month? Is heating included? From which month is it free? Are pets allowed? When can I visit it?

5 · Fixing yourself while you speak

Heard yourself flip a verb without the hyphen sound, or drop the little -t- — a-il instead of a-t-il? Don't freeze and don't scrap the whole question. Pause a half-second, say a French filler word, and re-launch just the question: euh… pardon… a-t-il commencé ? um… sorry… has it started? Even easier under pressure: fall back on est-ce que, which never needs a hyphen or a -t- at all — est-ce qu'il a commencé ? works every time. Examiners hear a quick self-correction as a strength, not a slip. Quick check every time you ask: did I flip and hyphen it correctly — or is this safer as an est-ce que question?

Writing practice — get one question right, then build a whole interview

1 · One question, two safe steps: est-ce que → inversion

  • For each cue, write the question twice: first the safe est-ce que version (glue it to the front, change nothing else), then the same question in inversion (flip verb and pronoun, add the hyphen, add the -t- if the verb ends in a vowel sound before il/elle/on).
  • Why: writing both trains you to reach the polished form on purpose, while always having the safe one in your pocket:
  1. ask if he speaks English (il)
  2. ask if the office is open on Saturday (le bureau)
  3. ask if she has finished the form (elle, passé composé)
  4. ask if you can pay by card (vous)
1. Est-ce qu'il parle anglais ? → Parle-t-il anglais ? · 2. Est-ce que le bureau est ouvert le samedi ? → Le bureau est-il ouvert le samedi ? · 3. Est-ce qu'elle a fini le formulaire ? → A-t-elle fini le formulaire ? · 4. Est-ce que vous pouvez payer par carte ? → Pouvez-vous payer par carte ?1. Does he speak English? — note the -t- (parle + il). 2. Is the office open on Saturday? — noun subject, so "le bureau … est-il". 3. Has she finished the form? — passé composé: flip the auxiliary a, participle fini stays. 4. Can you pay by card? — no -t- needed, pouvez ends in a consonant sound.

2 · Add a question word (and make quel agree)

  • Turn each cue into one correct question that starts with a question word.
  • Two of them need quel — and it must agree (match gender and number) with the noun right after it.
  • Why: quel + noun is the single most useful tool for asking about specific named things on an exam document:
  1. ask what time the class starts
  2. ask which documents are required (masculine plural)
  3. ask where the meeting takes place
  4. ask how much the deposit costs
  5. ask which information is missing (feminine singular)
1. À quelle heure le cours commence-t-il ? · 2. Quels documents sont obligatoires ? · 3. Où est-ce que la réunion a lieu ? · 4. Combien coûte la caution ? · 5. Quelle information manque-t-il ?1. What time does the class start? — quelle (fem. sing., heure). 2. Which documents are required? — quels (masc. pl., documents). 3. Where does the meeting take place? 4. How much is the deposit? 5. Which information is missing? — quelle (fem. sing., information).

3 · Write 5 connected questions about a document (the Section A shape)

  • Here is a short job ad with gaps.
  • Write 5 questions in the formal vous style to ask the employer for the missing details — as if you were preparing your Section A interview on paper.
  • Try to use at least one quel and one combien de.
  • Why: this is the writing-desk version of the exact exam task, and planning your questions on paper first makes them come out cleanly out loud:
  • Épicerie Bonjour — recherche un(e) caissier(ère). Temps partiel.
  • Expérience un atout. Envoyez votre CV. Bonjour Grocery — looking for a cashier. Part-time. Experience an asset. Send your résumé.
    Gaps: the hourly wage · how many hours a week · which days · whether French is required · when they'd like you to start.
1. Quel est le salaire horaire ? 2. Combien d'heures par semaine faut-il travailler ? 3. Quels jours est-ce que je dois être disponible ? 4. Est-ce que le français est obligatoire pour ce poste ? 5. Quand est-ce que vous voulez que je commence ?1. What is the hourly wage? 2. How many hours a week must one work? 3. Which days must I be available? 4. Is French required for this position? 5. When would you like me to start?

4 · Two full sample question-sets — read these before you write

Set 1 — interviewing about a gym membership flyer

Bonjour, je voudrais des renseignements sur l'abonnement, s'il vous plaît. Combien coûte l'abonnement par mois ? Est-ce qu'il y a des frais d'inscription en plus ? Quels cours sont inclus dans l'abonnement ? À quelle heure est-ce que la salle ouvre le matin ? Combien de personnes est-ce qu'il y a dans un cours de groupe ? Est-ce que je peux annuler mon abonnement à tout moment ? Puis-je essayer la salle une fois avant de m'inscrire ?Hello, I'd like some information about the membership, please. How much is the membership per month? Are there registration fees on top? Which classes are included in the membership? What time does the gym open in the morning? How many people are there in a group class? Can I cancel my membership at any time? May I try the gym once before signing up?

Set 2 — interviewing a bank clerk about opening an account

Bonjour, je voudrais ouvrir un compte bancaire. Quels documents est-ce que je dois apporter pour ouvrir un compte ? Est-ce qu'il y a des frais mensuels ? Combien coûte une carte de débit ? Est-ce que je peux gérer mon compte en ligne ? Quel est le délai pour recevoir ma carte ? À qui est-ce que je dois m'adresser si j'ai un problème ? Puis-je prendre rendez-vous avec un conseiller aujourd'hui ?Hello, I'd like to open a bank account. Which documents must I bring to open an account? Are there monthly fees? How much does a debit card cost? Can I manage my account online? What is the wait time to receive my card? Whom should I speak to if I have a problem? May I make an appointment with an advisor today?

5 · Write against the clock (10 minutes)

  • Pick one document — a class flyer, a job ad, an apartment listing, or a service counter (bank, clinic, city hall).
  • Write 7 questions in the formal vous style to gather the missing details, exactly as you would for Section A.
  • Use at least one est-ce que question, at least one quel that agrees with its noun, and at least one combien de.
  • Add one polished inversion (avez-vous, pouvez-vous, puis-je) if you can.
  • Then run the checklist below. Why: this is a mini version of the real timed task, and doing it on paper first makes the spoken version far calmer.

6 · The checklist before you finish

  • ① Did I use either est-ce que (glued to the front, nothing else moved) or correct inversion (verb and pronoun flipped) — and not a bare statement pretending to be a question?
  • ② Did I add the hyphen in every inversion, and the -t- wherever the verb ends in a vowel sound before il / elle / on (commence-t-il, a-t-elle)?
  • ③ Does every quel / quelle / quels / quelles match the gender and number of the noun right after it (quelle heure, quels documents)?
  • ④ Is vous used consistently all the way through — no accidental slide into tu — and does every question end with a space and a "?"

Drill bank — fast practice, checked for you

Transform — change one thing, keep it correct

Change one thing at a time: turn a statement into a question, swap casual for formal, add a question word, or shift the tense — and keep the sentence perfectly correct every step of the way.

Quiz — 50 questions, by category

A 50-question quiz covering the 3 question types and every question word — coming in the next pass of this workflow.

Rules summary

RuleIn one line
The 3 question formsEvery yes/no question can be built three ways, and all three ask the same thing. Intonation — keep the statement as it is and just raise your voice: Tu parles français ? Do you speak French? (casual, spoken only). Est-ce que — glue this fixed phrase onto the front, change nothing else: Est-ce que tu parles français ? Do you speak French? (safe everywhere). Inversion — flip the verb and the short subject word: Parles-tu français ? Do you speak French? (formal, for writing and the exam).
Inversion — the hyphenThe verb comes first, then a hyphen, then the short subject word (tu, il, elle, nous, vous, ils, elles). The hyphen is part of the spelling — never leave it out: Avez-vous rendez-vous ? Do you have an appointment?
Inversion — the double subjectWhen the subject is a full noun (Marie, le train), the noun stays first and you add a matching short word after the verb. Never move the noun itself after the verb: Marie parle-t-elle français ? Does Marie speak French? · Le train part-il bientôt ? Does the train leave soon?
Inversion — the euphonic -t-Add a small -t- only when the verb ends in a vowel sound and the next word is il, elle, or on — it just keeps the sounds from crashing together: Parle-t-il français ? Does he speak French? · A-t-elle fini ? Has she finished? No -t- with tu, nous, vous, ils, elles, or when the verb already ends in a consonant sound: Avez-vous fini ? Have you finished?
Don't invert "je"Flipping je sounds awkward — use est-ce que instead: Est-ce que je parle bien ? Am I speaking well? A couple of fixed phrases are fine as-is: Puis-je poser une question ? May I ask a question?
The question wordsqui (who) · que / qu'est-ce que (what) · quoi (what, alone or after a small word like de, à, avec) · où (where) · quand (when) · comment (how) · pourquoi (why, answered with parce que) · combien (de) (how much / how many) · quel (which / what — an adjective, see below).
quel agrees with its nounQuel is a describing word that sits right in front of a noun and must match it — masculine or feminine, one or many — even though all four forms sound almost the same: quel (masc. sing.) Quel jour sommes-nous ? What day is it? · quelle (fem. sing.) Quelle heure est-il ? What time is it? · quels (masc. pl.) Quels documents avez-vous ? Which documents do you have? · quelles (fem. pl.) Quelles informations cherchez-vous ? What information are you looking for?
quel vs. qu'est-ce queBoth can be "what" in English, but they're different words. Is there a noun right after "what"? Yes → use quel, and make it agree: Quel document voulez-vous ? Which document do you want? No, "what" stands alone → use qu'est-ce que (or que): Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ? What do you want?
Where the question word sitsIn the est-ce que and inversion forms the question word goes at the front: Où est-ce que tu habites ? / Où habites-tu ? Where do you live? In the casual intonation form it slides to the end: Tu habites où ? You live where? With "what," the casual end position also changes the word to quoi: Vous voulez quoi ? You want what?
Casual speech vs. the examIn relaxed conversation people lean on intonation and end-of-sentence question words all the time. The TEF/TCF — writing and the formal parts of speaking — expects est-ce que or clean inversion, with the question word up front. On exam day, default to est-ce que and it is never wrong.

Easy ways to remember

  • Three tools, one question: intonation (just your voice), est-ce que (glue it on the front), inversion (flip the verb and the short subject word). All three mean the same thing — only how formal it sounds changes.
  • Est-ce que is your safety net: it works in speaking and writing, casual and formal, and the word order never changes. When you're not sure, reach for it — it is never wrong.
  • Inversion = verb + hyphen + short word. If the subject is a real name or a full noun, keep the noun first and add the matching short word after the verb (Marie parle-t-elle ?). Never fling the noun to the back.
  • The -t- is a sound-smoother, not a real word. Add it only before il / elle / on when the verb ends in a vowel sound: parle-t-il, a-t-elle, va-t-on.
  • Noun after "what"? Use quel — and make it agree. No noun, "what" stands alone? Use qu'est-ce que. That one question sorts out the chapter's biggest mix-up.
  • Question word to the FRONT in est-ce que and inversion; only in casual speech does it drop to the END (and "what" becomes quoi).
  • Say the whole question out loud before you write it — your ear catches a missing hyphen sound or a wrong quel ending faster than your eye does.

Top traps to re-check

✗ Wrong✓ Right
Est-ce que parles-tu français ?Est-ce que tu parles français ? / Parles-tu français ?
Parles tu français ?Parles-tu français ? (the hyphen is required)
Parle Marie français ?Marie parle-t-elle français ?
Parle-il français ?Parle-t-il français ? (add the -t- before il)
Avez-t-vous fini ?Avez-vous fini ? (no -t- with vous, or after a consonant sound)
Parlé-je français ?Est-ce que je parle français ? (don't invert je)
Quel est-ce que vous voulez ?Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ? (no noun after "what")
Quel heure est-il ?Quelle heure est-il ? (heure is feminine → quelle)
Quel documents avez-vous ?Quels documents avez-vous ? (documents is plural → quels)
Où tu habites ? (in writing / on the exam)Où est-ce que tu habites ? / Où habites-tu ? (question word up front)

Review by category

CategoryDo
The three question formsRe-read the Learn and Visual Map tabs — the 3 question forms and where each question word sits. Then do the Quiz once in Practice mode to see where you stand.
InversionStudy the inversion mechanics in the Learn tab slowly — the hyphen, the double subject for noun subjects, and the euphonic -t-. Then clear the inversion sets in the Drills tab.
Saying itGo through the Examples tab and watch the same three forms repeat across real Canada-life situations. Then say the 3 role-plays from the Speak tab out loud. Record one on your phone and listen back.
quel and qu’est-ce queOpen the Mistakes tab and fix every sentence in the quel agreement section and the quel vs. qu'est-ce que section — that's the biggest mix-up in the whole chapter, so give it extra repetitions.
Writing itDo the Write tab against the clock (10 minutes): build questions three ways and ask about a document. Then go through the checklist there.
Testing it coldDo the Quiz in Exam mode. Aim for 42 out of 50.
Under time, out loudDo the Drills tab from start to finish, timed. Then run a full TEF Section A document-interview out loud — ask 8 to 10 questions about a flyer or schedule, all in the vous form, without stopping.

Four passes after that

  • First pass: clear every category in the table above.
  • Widen it: redo every question you missed in the Mistakes tab, especially the quel agreement and quel vs. qu'est-ce que sets. Redo the Drills tab timed, without looking anything up first.
    • Mix it with earlier chapters: mix this chapter with an earlier one — write 10 questions that use a question word plus clean est-ce que or inversion, and cover où, quand, comment, combien de and at least two forms of quel.
    • Each morning, ask 5 vous-form questions out loud as if interviewing someone about a document.
  • Test it cold: do the Quiz and the Drills tab again with a timer, then run one full Section A document-interview out loud, recorded. Compare it with your first recording. Then fill in the checklist below.

Checklist — are you ready to move on?

  • I can turn any statement into a question three ways — intonation, est-ce que, and inversion — without stopping to think.
  • I build inversion correctly: verb + hyphen + short subject word, and I never forget the hyphen.
  • With a noun subject I keep the noun first and add the matching short word after the verb (Marie parle-t-elle ?), and I add the euphonic -t- only before il / elle / on after a vowel sound.
  • I use est-ce que instead of inverting je.
  • I know all the question words — qui, que/qu'est-ce que, quoi, où, quand, comment, pourquoi, combien de, quel — and I make quel / quelle / quels / quelles agree with its noun.
  • I know when to use quel (a noun follows "what") versus qu'est-ce que ("what" stands alone).
  • I put the question word at the front in est-ce que and inversion, and only at the end in casual speech.
  • Scored 42+ out of 50 on the Quiz in Exam mode.
  • Can run the TEF Section A document-interview task out loud without stopping.

Ready? All boxes ticked, 42/50 on the quiz, and a smooth Section A run — move on to the next chapter. Anything unticked — go back to that tab this week and redo it.

Your practice plan

1

See the pattern

Learn + Visual Map
  • Read the Learn tab slowly, top to bottom — the three ways to ask a question (intonation, est-ce que, and inversion), then the question words: qui, que, quoi, où, quand, comment, pourquoi, combien de, quel.
  • Then open the Visual Map and trace each form with your finger — where the question word sits at the front, and where the little -t-il hooks on in inversion.
  • Don't rush. The goal today is just to see the three shapes clearly, before you worry about producing them yourself.

Tip: take one plain sentence — Tu parles français. — and say it three ways out loud: raise your voice at the end, add est-ce que at the front, then flip to Parles-tu français ? Same meaning, three shapes. Do that with five different sentences.

2

Spot the trap

Examples + Mistakes
  • Read the Examples tab and watch the same three forms repeat across real Canada-life situations — banking, apartments, job interviews, doctor's appointments.
  • Then open the Mistakes tab. Cover the fix with your hand, look at each wrong sentence, and try to repair it yourself before you peek at the answer.
  • The quel agreement section — where quel / quelle / quels / quelles has to match the noun that follows it — and the quel vs. qu'est-ce que mix-up are the two biggest traps in the whole chapter.
  • Give them extra attention today.

Tip: keep a small notebook. Every mistake you almost made goes in it — that notebook becomes your personal review list.

3

Make it automatic

Drills — aim for 100 questions
  • Open the Drills tab and work through the sets — turn statements into questions three ways, build inversion with the hyphen and the euphonic -t-, drill the question words, and make quel agree with its noun.
  • Aim for 100 questions in total. It sounds like a lot, but each one takes a few seconds, and the repetition is exactly what turns the three forms into a reflex instead of a rule you have to think through.

Tip: when you miss one, don't just move on — do five more of that same type right away. Missed the hyphen? Build five inversion questions in a row.

4

Produce it yourself

Speak + Write labs
  • Today you produce, not just recognise. Do the Speak tab out loud — full voice, not in your head — including the quick answers under 3 seconds and the role-plays.
  • Then run the TEF Section A simulation: pick a flyer or schedule and ask 8 to 10 questions about it in the vous form, without stopping.
  • After that, do the Write tab on paper, by hand — build the same question three ways and ask about a document.
  • Saying and writing your own questions is harder than reading them, and that's exactly the point.

Tip: record your Section A run on your phone and listen back. Listen especially for a dropped hyphen sound in inversion, and for quel not matching its noun — those are the two easiest slips to miss while you're busy speaking.

5

Test it cold

Quiz in exam mode + Review plan

Take the 50-question Quiz in ⏱️ Exam mode — no peeking at answers until the end. Aim for 42 out of 50. Then open the Review tab, read through what you got wrong, and pick your plan for the coming week.

Tip: below 42? No stress — go back to the Mistakes tab, especially the quel agreement and quel vs. qu'est-ce que sets, redo it, and take the quiz again in three days.

Want more? Print it.

If you like working on paper, there's the 100-question printable workbook with full answers — the same three question forms, in a format you can do on the couch, on the bus, or anywhere without a screen.

All five stages ticked? You have taken this chapter from recognising the pattern to producing it under time. Bon courage ! Good luck — you've got this.

My progress

Your progress bar

0 of 17 boxes checked — 0%

Every box you check below fills this bar a little more. Watch it grow — that is your work, made visible.

The 7 steps to mastery

Can you honestly say this?

Read each line out loud. If it is true — and has been true for 3 days — check it. If you hesitate, that's useful too: it tells you exactly which tab to visit next.

All 17 boxes checked? Then this chapter lives in you now, not just on the page. Come back in a month and re-read this list — if every box is still honestly true, move on with full confidence.
French With Guri · Grammar Mastery · Chapter 6 · Questions (3 Types) · English explanations, French practice.