Objective: Learn the 3 ways to ask a question in French — casual intonation (just raise your voice at the end of a statement), the safe everyday est-ce que opener (glue it onto the front and nothing else changes), and the more formal inversion (flip the verb and the pronoun) — plus every core question word you need: qui (who), que/quoi (what), où (where), quand (when), comment (how), pourquoi (why), combien (how much/many) and quel(le) (which/what). By the end you can build any question — for speaking, writing and reading — without hesitating. Objectif : poser une question de 3 façons — intonation, est-ce que, inversion — avec tous les mots interrogatifs essentiels.
Colour code — the same on every page
Sujetwho acts
Verbethe action
Complémentwhat follows the verb
Petit motarticle, preposition, pronoun
Négationthe two pieces around the verb
Lienwhat joins two ideas
Le matin, jenemelèvepastôtparce quejetravaillela nuit.
A dotted underline marks the letters that change to match something else — Elles’est levée.
Same words, three shapes. Only the front of the sentence changes.
Tutravaillesici ?
Est-ce quetutravaillesici ?
Travailles-tuici ?
Oùest-ce quetutravailles ?
📘 Start here — this chapter is the direct grammar behind the TEF speaking exam's Section A, where you interview an interlocutor about a document by asking them questions. Master these 3 question types and you walk into that task ready. Tap 🌐 EN in the top bar to show translations. Prefer paper? 📄 Open the Workbook & PDF — 100 practice questions + answer key.
1 · The same question, 3 ways: intonation, est-ce que, inversion
In one line: French turns any statement into a yes/no question three different ways, and all three ask exactly the same thing — they just sound more casual or more formal. Start with a plain statement, the kind you already know how to build: Tu parles français.You speak French. Every French speaker has three tools for turning that statement into a question, and you'll use all three at different moments.
SubjectTu
Verbparles
Complementfrançais
Statement: Tu parles français.You speak French. — flip it with inversion and you get: Parles-tu français ? (Parles-tu français ? — Do you speak French?)
Style
How it's built
Example
① Intonation casual, spoken only
Keep the statement exactly as it is. Just raise your voice at the end and add "?"
Tu parles français ?Do you speak French?
② Est-ce que neutral — always safe
Glue the fixed phrase est-ce que onto the front. Nothing else in the sentence changes.
Est-ce que tu parles français ?Do you speak French?
③ Inversion formal, written
Flip the subject pronoun (a short word like tu, il, vous that stands in for a person) and the verb, joined by a hyphen.
Parles-tu français ?Do you speak French?
All three sentences above ask the identical question — only how formal it sounds changes.
Intonation is for casual talk only — never rely on it in formal writing or on an exam, since on paper there's no rising voice to signal a question.
Est-ce que is your safest all-purpose tool: it works in speaking and writing, casual and formal situations, and the word order never changes — you just tack it onto the front.
Inversion sounds more polished — you'll hear it in interviews, read it in writing, and need it on the exam.
The same three-way pattern works just as well with vous, which you'll use constantly at the bank, at an appointment, or in the exam room: Vous avez rendez-vous aujourd'hui ?Do you have an appointment today? (casual) · Est-ce que vous avez rendez-vous aujourd'hui ?(neutral, always safe) · Avez-vous rendez-vous aujourd'hui ?(formal)
2 · Inversion mechanics: the hyphen, the double subject, and the euphonic -t-
In one line: inversion always joins verb and pronoun with a hyphen, and French adds a couple of small patches to keep things easy to say.
Look again at Parles-tu français ? — the verb comes first, then a hyphen, then the pronoun tu.
That hyphen is part of the spelling; it's never optional.
Now, what if the subject isn't a pronoun like tu or il, but a full noun like Marie or le train?
French does something English doesn't: it keeps the noun exactly where it was, and adds a matching pronoun after the verb — a "double subject."
You never move the noun itself after the verb.
Parle Marie français ? — never move the noun itself after the verb.
Marie parle-t-elle français ?Does Marie speak French? (Marie stays first; -t-elle is added after the verb)
Le train part-il à quelle heure ?What time does the train leave?
Les documents sont-ils prêts ?Are the documents ready?
Notice the small -t- inside Marie parle-t-elle.
This is a purely spoken patch called the euphonic -t- ("euphonic" just means "added to make the sound flow smoothly").
It only appears when the verb ends in a vowel sound and the pronoun right after is il, elle, or on — otherwise two vowel sounds would crash into each other.
When the verb already ends in a consonant sound, or the pronoun is tu, nous, vous, ils, elles, no -t- is needed.
Needs the euphonic -t-
No -t- needed
Parle-t-il français ?Does he speak French?
Parles-tu français ?Do you speak French?
A-t-elle fini le formulaire ?Has she finished the form?
Avez-vous fini le formulaire ?Have you finished the form?
Va-t-on à la banque aujourd'hui ?Are we going to the bank today?
Habitez-vous ici ?Do you live here?
One pronoun to avoid inverting: "je." Flipping je with most verbs sounds awkward ("Parlé-je ?" isn't something you'll hear in real life). Use est-ce que instead: Est-ce que je parle bien ?Am I speaking well? A handful of fixed exceptions with je are common and completely fine — just memorize them as set phrases: Puis-je poser une question ?May I ask a question? and Ai-je bien compris ?Did I understand correctly?
3 · Inversion in the passé composé: flip the auxiliary, the participle doesn't move
In one line: in a compound tense, only the small helper verb flips with the pronoun — the main part of the verb stays put at the end.
The passé composé (a common past tense) is a compound tense — built from two pieces: an auxiliary verb (the small helper avoir or être, conjugated to match the subject) plus a past participle (the main part of the meaning, like mangé, parti, fini).
When you invert a question in this tense, only the auxiliary swaps places with the pronoun — the past participle always stays put, right after.
As-tu
Past participle (unaffected)mangé ?
As-tu mangé ?Have you eaten?
Est-elle partie ?Has she left?
Avez-vous fini vos documents ?Have you finished your documents?
A-t-il reçu la lettre de l'immigration ?Has he received the letter from immigration?
The same double-subject and euphonic -t- rules from section 2 still apply here — a-t-il needs the -t- because a ends in a vowel sound and the pronoun is il; avez-vous doesn't, because avez already ends in a consonant sound.
4 · The question words: qui, que/qu'est-ce que, quoi, où, quand, comment, pourquoi, combien, quel
In one line: a question word replaces the exact piece of information you're missing, and it almost always jumps to the front of the question.
All three question styles from section 1 also work with a specific question word in front — instead of asking "yes or no," you ask "who / what / where / when / how / why / how much / which."
Here are the ones you'll use constantly.
Qui — who
Qui can be the one doing the action (the subject) or the one receiving it (the object). As a subject, word order doesn't change at all:
Qui parle ?Who is speaking?
Qui voyez-vous ?Whom do you see? (inversion)
Qui est-ce que vous voyez ?Whom do you see? (neutral — no inversion needed)
Que / Qu'est-ce que and quoi — what
These three all mean "what," but they behave differently.
Que asks about the object of the verb and normally pairs with inversion.
Qu'est-ce que means exactly the same thing but is a fixed, ready-made phrase — glue it to the front and change nothing else, just like est-ce que.
Quoi stands alone or follows a preposition (a small linking word like de, à, avec), and in casual speech it slides all the way to the end of the sentence.
Que voulez-vous ?What do you want? (formal, inversion)
Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?What do you want? (neutral, safest choice)
De quoi parlez-vous ?What are you talking about? (quoi after the preposition "de")
Vous voulez quoi ?You want what? (casual — quoi moves to the very end)
The #1 mix-up in this chapter: "quel" vs. "qu'est-ce que." Both can translate to English "what" — but they are completely different kinds of words. Qu'est-ce que is a fixed phrase glued to the front of a full subject + verb, and it never changes form: Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?What do you want?Quel is an adjective — a describing word — that sits directly in front of a noun and must agree (match in gender and number) with that noun: Quel document voulez-vous ?Which document do you want? Ask yourself: is there a noun right after "what"? If yes ("what document," "what time"), you need quel and it must agree. If "what" stands alone as the thing being asked about, you need qu'est-ce que (or que).
Où, quand, comment, pourquoi, combien
Word
Meaning
Example
Où
where
Où habitez-vous ?Where do you live?
Quand
when
Quand est le rendez-vous ?When is the appointment?
Comment
how
Comment allez-vous ?How are you? (fixed greeting)
Pourquoi
why
Pourquoi étudiez-vous le français ?Why are you studying French?
Combien (de)
how much / how many
Combien de documents avez-vous ?How many documents do you have?
Pourquoi is usually answered with parce que ("because"): Pourquoi apprenez-vous le français ? Parce que j'habite au Canada.Why are you learning French? Because I live in Canada.
Quel — which/what (an adjective that agrees)
Quel changes its spelling to match the noun right after it — masculine or feminine, singular or plural — even though all four forms sound almost identical out loud.
Form
Used with
Example
quel
masculine singular
Quel jour sommes-nous ?What day is it?
quelle
feminine singular
Quelle heure est-il ?What time is it?
quels
masculine plural
Quels documents avez-vous ?Which documents do you have?
quelles
feminine plural
Quelles informations cherchez-vous ?What information are you looking for?
Quelsdocuments
Verb (inverted)avez-vous ?
Quels documents avez-vous ?Which documents do you have? (quels agrees with the masculine plural noun "documents")
One advanced cousin worth recognising (you don't need to produce it yet): lequel / laquelle / lesquels / lesquelles means "which one" and replaces a noun you've already named — Lequel de ces documents avez-vous ?Which one of these documents do you have? It also agrees, and it contracts with à and de (à + lequel → auquel, de + lequel → duquel).
File this away for now — recognising it when you read or hear it is enough at this level.
5 · Same question word, three positions
In one line: a question word sits at the front in the neutral and formal styles, and jumps to the very end only in the casual style.
Combine a question word with each of the three question styles from section 1, and watch where it lands.
Style
Example
Neutral — est-ce que
Où est-ce que tu habites ?Where do you live?
Formal — inversion
Où habites-tu ?Where do you live?
Casual — intonation
Tu habites où ?You live where?
Où
Neutral / formal — question word up frontest-ce que tu habites ? / habites-tu ?
Casual — question word moves to the endTu habites
où ?
The same shift happens with qu'est-ce que: Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?(neutral) becomes Que voulez-vous ?(formal) or Vous voulez quoi ?(casual — the word moves to the end and changes to quoi).
This is the one place French genuinely moves a question word depending on how formal you're being — everywhere else, question words open the sentence, front and centre.
6 · Why this chapter is your TEF speaking-exam superpower
The TEF Expression Orale exam's Section A puts you in a very specific situation: you're given a document — a flyer, a schedule, an ad — and you must interview an interlocutor, in the formal vous style, to gather the information missing from it.
Every tool in this chapter is exactly what that task needs.
Est-ce qu'
Rest of the sentence — unchangedil y a des places disponibles ?
Est-ce qu'il y a des places disponibles ?Is there availability? — your safest exam-room opener
Est-ce que is your universal safe tool — when you're not sure inversion will come out clean under pressure, est-ce que always works and is never wrong: Est-ce qu'il y a des places disponibles ?Is there availability?
Quel + noun is essential for asking about specifics named on the document: Quels documents dois-je apporter ?Which documents must I bring?
Combien de is essential for quantities and prices: Combien coûte l'inscription ?How much does registration cost?
Walk into Section A with a simple plan: default to est-ce que when you need a full-sentence question, reach for quel the moment you're asking about a specific named thing on the document, and use combien de the moment a number is missing. Add polished inversion (avez-vous, pouvez-vous) once it feels comfortable, to sound more natural — but est-ce que alone is enough to pass.
1 · The 3 question forms — quick reference
Form
Formality
Pattern
Example (same sentence, 3 ways)
① Intonation
Casual, spoken only — never in formal writing or on the exam page
Statement, unchanged + rising voice + "?"
Tu parles français ?Do you speak French?
② Est-ce que
Neutral — always correct, the safe exam default
Est-ce que + statement, word order unchanged + "?"
Est-ce que tu parles français ?Do you speak French?
③ Inversion
Formal, written
Verb + hyphen + subject pronoun, swapped
Parles-tu français ?Do you speak French?
All three ask the identical question — only how formal it sounds changes. When unsure which to use: est-ce que is always safe.
2 · Inversion mechanics at a glance
1. The hyphen is never optional. Verb — hyphen — pronoun, always: Parles-tu ? 2. Noun subject → double subject. A full noun (not a pronoun) stays in place; French adds a matching pronoun after the verb. Never move the noun itself. 3. Euphonic -t-. Insert -t- between verb and pronoun only when the verb ends in a vowel sound and the pronoun is il / elle / on — purely for pronunciation. 4. Avoid inverting "je." Use est-ce que instead, except for the fixed set phrases Puis-je… ? and Ai-je… ? 5. Compound tenses (passé composé): only the auxiliary (avoir/être) inverts with the pronoun — the past participle never moves (see section 3).
Noun subject (statement)
Question — double subject
Marie parle français.Marie speaks French.
Marie parle-t-elle français ?Does Marie speak French?
Le train part à midi.The train leaves at noon.
Le train part-il à midi ?Does the train leave at noon?
Les documents sont prêts.The documents are ready.
Les documents sont-ils prêts ?Are the documents ready?
Parle Marie français ? — never move the noun itself after the verb.
Needs euphonic -t- (verb ends in a vowel sound + il/elle/on)
No -t- needed (consonant sound, or tu/nous/vous/ils/elles)
Parle-t-il français ?Does he speak French?
Parles-tu français ?Do you speak French?
A-t-elle fini le formulaire ?Has she finished the form?
Avez-vous fini le formulaire ?Have you finished the form?
Va-t-on à la banque ?Are we going to the bank?
Habitez-vous ici ?Do you live here?
3 · Inversion in compound tenses (passé composé)
In a compound tense — built from an auxiliary verb (the helper avoir or être, conjugated to match the subject) plus a past participle (the main part of the meaning) — only the auxiliary flips with the pronoun.
The past participle always stays put, right after, unaffected.
Statement
Question — auxiliary inverts
Note
Tu as mangé.You have eaten.
As-tu mangé ?Have you eaten?
No -t- needed — as ends in a consonant sound
Elle est partie.She has left.
Est-elle partie ?Has she left?
Auxiliary être inverts; participle partie unaffected
Il a reçu la lettre.He received the letter.
A-t-il reçu la lettre ?Has he received the letter?
Euphonic -t- — a ends in a vowel sound + il
Vous avez fini vos documents.You have finished your documents.
Avez-vous fini vos documents ?Have you finished your documents?
No -t- needed — avez ends in a consonant sound
The rule in one sentence: flip the auxiliary, not the participle. Double-subject and euphonic -t- rules from section 2 still apply to the auxiliary exactly as they would to any other verb.
4 · Every question word — full reference table
Word
Meaning
Example
Note
Qui
who
Qui parle ?Who is speaking? / Qui voyez-vous ?Whom do you see?
Subject: no special change. Object: pairs with inversion or est-ce que — Qui est-ce que vous voyez ?
Que
what (object of the verb)
Que voulez-vous ?What do you want?
Normally pairs with inversion
Qu'est-ce que
what (object, neutral)
Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?What do you want?
Fixed phrase glued to the front — no inversion needed, the safest choice
Quoi
what (standalone / after a preposition)
De quoi parlez-vous ?What are you talking about? / Vous voulez quoi ?You want what?
After a preposition (de, à…), or casual speech — moves to the very end of the sentence
Où
where
Où habitez-vous ?Where do you live?
—
Quand
when
Quand est le rendez-vous ?When is the appointment?
—
Comment
how
Comment allez-vous ?How are you?
Fixed greeting phrase
Pourquoi
why
Pourquoi étudiez-vous le français ?Why are you studying French?
Answered with parce que (because)
Combien (de)
how much / how many
Combien de documents avez-vous ?How many documents do you have?
de + noun for quantities and prices
Quel / quelle / quels / quelles
which / what (an adjective, must agree)
Quel jour ?masc. sing. Quelle heure ?fem. sing. Quels documents ?masc. pl. Quelles informations ?fem. pl.
Sits directly before a noun and agrees in gender and number with it — all 4 forms sound almost identical spoken aloud
Lequel / laquelle / lesquels / lesquelles (advanced — recognise only)
which one (a pronoun, replaces a named noun)
Lequel de ces documents avez-vous ?Which one of these documents do you have?
Agrees like quel; contracts with à/de: à + lequel → auquel, de + lequel → duquel
Quel vs. Qu'est-ce que — the #1 mix-up
Qu'est-ce que
Quel / quelle / quels / quelles
What kind of word
Fixed phrase — never changes form
Adjective — must agree with the noun after it
Where it sits
Glued to the front of a full subject + verb
Directly in front of the noun it describes
Does word order change?
No — no inversion needed
The verb after it may still invert (quels documents avez-vous ?)
Example
Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?What do you want?
Quel document voulez-vous ?Which document do you want?
Quick test: is there a noun right after "what" (what document, what time)? Yes → quel (and it must agree). No, "what" stands alone as the thing being asked about → qu'est-ce que (or que).
5 · Question-word position shifts by formality
Formality
Where the question word sits
Example
Neutral — est-ce que
Front
Où est-ce que tu habites ?Where do you live?
Formal — inversion
Front
Où habites-tu ?Where do you live?
Casual — intonation
End of the sentence
Tu habites où ?You live where?
The one place French genuinely moves a question word depending on formality: casual speech pushes it to the very end (tu habites où ?, vous voulez quoi ?). The neutral and formal forms always keep it up front.
Questions, seen
This whole tab is pictures, not paragraphs — you already read the rules in Learn and Rules; here you see them.
Colour key: violet text marks a question word, and a violet pill marks a piece that moves or flips to build a question — usually a verb, an auxiliary, or a subject pronoun.
The usual sentence colours still apply too: subject · verb · complement.
Turn on 🌐 EN up top to see every translation at once.
1 · The same question, 3 ways
Same starting statement, same meaning, three finished questions. Only the shape changes — watch what moves (or doesn't move at all) in each pill diagram below.
Vous avez rendez-vous aujourd'hui.You have an appointment today. (the plain statement we're about to turn into a question)
① Intonation — casual, spoken only
SujetVous
Verbeavez
Complémentrendez-vous aujourd'hui ?
Vous avez rendez-vous aujourd'hui ?Do you have an appointment today?
Nothing moves — just raise your voice at the end and add "?"
② Est-ce que — neutral, always safe
Est-ce que
Sujetvous
Verbeavez
Complémentrendez-vous aujourd'hui ?
Est-ce que vous avez rendez-vous aujourd'hui ?Do you have an appointment today?
One fixed phrase glued to the front — everything after it stays exactly the same.
③ Inversion — formal, written
Avez-vous
Complémentrendez-vous aujourd'hui ?
Avez-vous rendez-vous aujourd'hui ?Do you have an appointment today?
Verb and pronoun swap places, joined by a hyphen.
All three ask the identical question. Only the shape on the page — or the tone in your voice — changes.
2 · Inversion mechanics, in pictures
Three small patches, isolated one at a time. Each diagram below highlights a single moving piece.
a) The hyphen — verb and pronoun, joined
Parles-tu
Complémentfrançais ?
Parles-tu français ?Do you speak French? — the hyphen between verb and pronoun is never optional.
b) The euphonic -t- — a pronunciation patch, not a meaning change
Verb ends in a vowel sound + pronoun is il / elle / on → insert -t-
Parle-t-il
Complémentfrançais ?
Parle-t-il français ?Does he speak French?
Verb ends in a consonant sound → no patch needed
Parles-tu
Complémentfrançais ?
Parles-tu français ?Do you speak French?
c) The double subject — a noun never moves, a pronoun is added instead
Noun subject — stays putMarie
Verbeparle
-t-elle
Complémentfrançais ?
Marie parle-t-elle français ?Does Marie speak French? — Marie stays exactly where it was; a matching pronoun (elle) is added after the verb instead.
Parle Marie français ? — the noun itself never jumps after the verb.
3 · Which question word do I need?
Start from the piece of information you're missing, then pick the matching branch below. Every card plugs straight into any of the 3 question styles from section 1.
who → qui the person doing or receiving the action
Qui parle ?Who is speaking?
what, object of the verb → que / qu'est-ce que qu'est-ce que is the safe, no-inversion version
Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?What do you want?
what, standalone / after a preposition → quoi a small linking word like de, à comes right before it
De quoi parlez-vous ?What are you talking about?
where → où a place
Où habitez-vous ?Where do you live?
when → quand a moment in time
Quand est le rendez-vous ?When is the appointment?
how → comment a manner or condition — also the fixed greeting
Comment allez-vous ?How are you?
why → pourquoi a reason — answered with parce que
Pourquoi étudiez-vous le français ?Why are you studying French?
how much / how many → combien (de) a quantity or a price
Combien de documents avez-vous ?How many documents do you have?
which + noun → quel / quelle / quels / quelles an adjective — must agree with the noun right after it
Quels documents avez-vous ?Which documents do you have?
which one (already named) → lequel / laquelle… advanced — recognise it for now, you don't need to produce it yet
Lequel de ces documents avez-vous ?Which one of these documents do you have?
4 · Same question word, three positions
Follow one question word — où — across all three styles. Watch where it sits: front, front, then all the way to the end.
Neutral — est-ce que
Oùest-ce que vous habitez ?
Où est-ce que vous habitez ?Where do you live?
Formal — inversion
Oùhabitez-vous ?
Où habitez-vous ?Where do you live?
Casual — intonation
Vous habitezoù ?
Vous habitez où ?You live where?
The same shift happens with qu'est-ce que: Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?(neutral) becomes Que voulez-vous ?(formal) or Vous voulez quoi ?(casual — quoi lands at the very end).
5 · Compound-tense inversion, in pictures
In the passé composé, only the small helper verb (avoir or être) flips with the pronoun. The past participle — the main chunk of meaning — stays put, right after, unaffected.
Pronoun subject
As-tu
Participe (unaffected)mangé ?
As-tu mangé ?Have you eaten?
Est-elle
Participe (unaffected)partie ?
Est-elle partie ?Has she left?
Noun subject + euphonic -t- combined
Noun — stays putMarie
a-t-elle
Participe (unaffected)fini ses documents ?
Marie a-t-elle fini ses documents ?Has Marie finished her documents? — euphonic -t- because 'a' ends in a vowel sound and the pronoun is elle; Marie itself never moves.
The rule in one line: flip the auxiliary, not the participle. Every mechanic from section 2 — the hyphen, the euphonic -t-, the double subject — still applies to that auxiliary exactly as it would to any other verb.
6 · Casual vs. neutral vs. formal, side by side
Same four questions, three styles each. Notice which question words stay glued to the front no matter what (quel + noun), and which ones are willing to slide toward the end in casual speech (quoi, combien).
Casual — intonation
Neutral — est-ce que
Formal — inversion
Vous avez rendez-vous aujourd'hui ?Do you have an appointment today?
Est-ce que vous avez rendez-vous aujourd'hui ?Do you have an appointment today?
Avez-vous rendez-vous aujourd'hui ?Do you have an appointment today?
Tu habites où ?You live where?
Où est-ce que tu habites ?Where do you live?
Où habites-tu ?Where do you live?
Vous voulez quoi ?You want what?
Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?What do you want?
Que voulez-vous ?What do you want?
Vous avez combien de documents ?You have how many documents?
Combien de documents est-ce que vous avez ?How many documents do you have?
Combien de documents avez-vous ?How many documents do you have?
Quels documents vous avez ?Which documents do you have?
Quels documents est-ce que vous avez ?Which documents do you have?
Quels documents avez-vous ?Which documents do you have?
Où, quoi / qu'est-ce que and combien de are all willing to slide toward the end of the sentence in casual speech — but quel + noun stays glued to its noun and stays up front in all three styles, because it's an adjective describing that noun, not a free-floating word.
Where the question rules bend
Everything you learned in Learn and Rules is true almost all of the time — but "almost" leaves seven small corners where French does something slightly different from the main pattern.
None of this is new grammar; it's the same three question types and the same question words, just showing their sharp edges.
These seven show up constantly on the TEF/TCF and in real conversation, so meet them here with plenty of side-by-side examples.
1 · The euphonic -t-, in full
When you'll meet itthe moment you invert a question with il, elle, or on — which happens constantly, since these are some of the most common subject pronouns in French (talking about a third person, or saying "we" casually with on).
How it works
a euphonic letter is one added purely so a word is easier to say out loud — it carries no meaning of its own.
When the verb form right before il / elle / on ends in a vowel sound (usually written as -e or -a), two vowel sounds would crash into each other back to back — parle + il would sound like "parl-eel" run together with no clean break.
French fixes this by slipping a -t- in between, surrounded by two hyphens: parle-t-il.
The -t- is not needed in two situations:
when the pronoun is tu, nous, vous, ils, or elles instead — because those pronouns don't create the same vowel collision; or
when the verb form already ends in a consonant sound, even with il / elle / on — because the two-vowel problem never existed in the first place.
Written French already ends some verb forms in -d or -t (pronounced firmly in this position), and that consonant does the same smoothing job all on its own, so nothing extra is inserted.
Needs the euphonic -t- (verb ends in a vowel sound + il/elle/on)
No -t- needed
Parle-t-il français ?Does he speak French?
Parles-tu français ?Do you speak French? — pronoun isn't il/elle/on
Mange-t-elle à midi ?Does she eat at noon?
Mangez-vous à midi ?Do you eat at noon? — pronoun isn't il/elle/on
Arrive-t-il à l'heure ?Does he arrive on time?
Arrivent-ils à l'heure ?Do they arrive on time? — "ils" isn't il/elle/on
Va-t-on à la banque aujourd'hui ?Are we going to the bank today?
Allez-vous à la banque aujourd'hui ?Are you going to the bank today?
A-t-elle fini le formulaire ?Has she finished the form?
Vend-il la maison ?Is he selling the house? — "vend" already ends in a consonant sound ("d"), so even with "il" no -t- is added
Habite-t-elle à Toronto ?Does she live in Toronto?
Finit-il son travail à temps ?Does he finish his work on time? — "finit" already ends in "t", nothing extra needed
One-line test: is the pronoun il, elle, or on, AND does the verb form right before it end in a vowel sound? Only then do you need -t-. Any other pronoun, or a verb form that already ends in a consonant sound (like -d or -t), needs nothing extra.
2 · Inversion with "je" — awkward, except for a small set of fixed phrases
When you'll meet itany time you want to ask a question about yourself — "Am I speaking well?", "Am I late?", "May I ask something?" — which comes up in almost every conversation, including the exam interview.
How it works
for most verbs, flipping je to the end sounds clumsy or even impossible to say smoothly — nobody says "Parlé-je bien ?" out loud.
The safe, universal fix is the one you already know: reach for est-ce que instead, which works with every single verb, no exceptions, no awkwardness.
Est-ce que je parle assez fort ?Am I speaking loudly enough?
Est-ce que je suis en retard ?Am I late?
Est-ce que j'ai bien rempli le formulaire ?Did I fill out the form correctly?
A handful of fixed phrases with je-inversion break that rule and are still completely normal — memorize them as ready-made chunks rather than trying to build the pattern yourself with other verbs:
Fixed phrase
Meaning
Example
Puis-je…?
May I…?
Puis-je poser une question ?May I ask a question?
Ai-je…?
Have I… / Did I…?
Ai-je bien compris ?Did I understand correctly?
Dois-je…?(bonus — same family)
Must I…?
Dois-je apporter mon passeport ?Must I bring my passport?
Puis-je is the polished, slightly formal cousin of "Est-ce que je peux…?" — both mean "May I…?" and both are correct, but Puis-je sounds a touch more polite, which is perfect for a bank, an office, or the exam room.
3 · A full-noun subject always needs a double subject
When you'll meet it
any time the subject of your question is a name, a thing, or a group — not a short pronoun like tu or elle, but a full noun like Marie, le formulaire, les documents, la banque.
This happens constantly when you're asking about a specific document or person named in the TEF speaking task.
How it works
French never lets a full noun jump to after the verb the way a pronoun does.
Instead, the noun stays exactly where it was, at the front, and French adds a small matching pronoun — il, elle, ils, or elles — right after the verb, hyphenated, as a stand-in.
This gives you two subjects doing one job: the noun names who or what you mean, and the little pronoun after the verb is what actually inverts.
Statement
Question — noun stays, matching pronoun added
Marie parle français.Marie speaks French.
Marie parle-t-elle français ?Does Marie speak French?
Le formulaire est prêt.The form is ready.
Le formulaire est-il prêt ?Is the form ready?
Les documents sont complets.The documents are complete.
Les documents sont-ils complets ?Are the documents complete?
La banque ferme à 17h.The bank closes at 5pm.
La banque ferme-t-elle à 17h ?Does the bank close at 5pm?
Les enfants vont à l'école.The children go to school.
Les enfants vont-ils à l'école ?Do the children go to school?
What goes wrong if you skip the double subject and move the noun itself instead:
Parle Marie français ?wrong — a full noun never physically jumps after the verb, the way a short pronoun does
Est prêt le formulaire ?wrong — same mistake: the noun subject moved instead of staying put
Marie parle-t-elle français ?correct — Marie stays first; -t-elle is the piece that actually inverts
Le formulaire est-il prêt ?correct — le formulaire stays first; -il is the piece that actually inverts
Memory anchor: think of the noun as "too heavy to move." It plants itself at the front and sends a lightweight stand-in — il, elle, ils, or elles — to do the actual flipping for it.
4 · Que, qu'est-ce que, quoi — one meaning, three positions
When you'll meet itany time you're asking about the object of a verb — the thing being wanted, looked for, or discussed — which is one of the most common question shapes in the language.
How it worksall three words can mean "what," but each one belongs to a different one of the three question styles from section 1, and that decides where it sits.
Meaning
Formal — que + inversion
Neutral — qu'est-ce que, no inversion
Casual — quoi at the end
What do you want?
Que voulez-vous ?What do you want?
Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?What do you want?
Vous voulez quoi ?You want what?
What are you looking for?
Que cherchez-vous ?What are you looking for?
Qu'est-ce que vous cherchez ?What are you looking for?
Vous cherchez quoi ?You're looking for what?
What are you doing?
Que faites-vous ?What are you doing?
Qu'est-ce que vous faites ?What are you doing?
Vous faites quoi ?You're doing what?
All three columns above ask the identical question, only the shape and how formal it sounds change.
There's one extra rule worth knowing: que can never sit directly after a small linking word like de, à, avec (a preposition) — only quoi can go there.
So "what are you thinking about" only has two natural forms, not three:
À quoi pensez-vous ?What are you thinking about? (formal — quoi right after the preposition "à")
Vous pensez à quoi ?What are you thinking about? (casual — quoi at the very end)
Quick test: is "what" standing right after a preposition (de, à, avec, pour…)? Only quoi can go there — que is not allowed in that spot. Is "what" the plain object of the verb, with no preposition in sight? Then all three tools — que, qu'est-ce que, quoi — are available, and you just pick the one that matches how formal you're being.
5 · Quel vs. qu'est-ce que — six wrong/right pairs
When you'll meet itconstantly — this is the single most common mix-up in the whole chapter, because both words can translate to English "what."
How it works
quel is an adjective — it must sit directly before a noun and agree with it in gender and number.
qu'est-ce que is a fixed phrase that never changes form and is never followed directly by a bare noun — it's followed by a full subject + verb.
Mixing the two produces sentences that sound broken to a French ear, even though the individual words are all real French words.
#
Wrong
Right
Why
1
Qu'est-ce que jour sommes-nous ?
Quel jour sommes-nous ?What day is it?
a bare noun ("jour") follows — needs the adjective quel, not qu'est-ce que
2
Quel voulez-vous ?
Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?What do you want?
no noun anywhere in the sentence — quel has nothing to agree with, so it can't be used here
3
Quel heure est-il ?
Quelle heure est-il ?What time is it?
"heure" is feminine — the adjective must agree: quelle, not quel
4
Qu'est-ce que documents avez-vous ?
Quels documents avez-vous ?Which documents do you have?
a bare plural noun ("documents") follows — needs quels, the plural adjective form
5
Quel est-ce que vous cherchez ?
Qu'est-ce que vous cherchez ?What are you looking for?
you can't glue quel onto est-ce que — pick one tool, not both at once
6
Quelle est votre nom ?
Quel est votre nom ?What is your name?
"nom" is masculine — the adjective must agree: quel, not quelle
One-line test, every time: is there a noun sitting right after "what" (what day, what time, what documents, what name)? Yes → you need quel and it must agree with that noun. Is "what" standing completely alone, with no noun attached to it? → you need qu'est-ce que (or que).
6 · N'est-ce pas — a fixed tag, not a build-it-yourself phrase
When you'll meet it
whenever you want to check that someone agrees with you — "isn't that right?", "don't you think?" — tacked onto the end of a statement you already believe is true.
This is common in friendly conversation and in the speaking sections of the exam, where it makes you sound natural and confident.
How it works
n'est-ce pas is a single frozen chunk — literally "is it not," but you should learn and use it as one piece, the way you'd learn "isn't it?"
in English, rather than trying to build it word by word from the grammar rules in this chapter.
Just say a normal statement, then add n'est-ce pas at the very end, unchanged, no matter what the subject or tense of the statement is.
Vous habitez à Montréal, n'est-ce pas ?You live in Montreal, don't you?
Il fait beau aujourd'hui, n'est-ce pas ?It's nice out today, isn't it?
Vous avez rempli le formulaire, n'est-ce pas ?You filled out the form, didn't you?
Le rendez-vous est à 14h, n'est-ce pas ?The appointment is at 2pm, isn't it?
Treat n'est-ce pas as a single sticker you attach to the end of any statement, positive or negative, in any tense — it never changes shape to match the subject or the verb the way real inversion does.
7 · Lequel, laquelle, lesquels, lesquelles — recognise only, for now
When you'll meet it
mostly in reading and listening, when someone has already named a group of things and now wants to know which specific one you mean — a stack of documents, a list of job postings, several available appointment times.
You don't need to produce this yourself yet at this level; just recognise it.
How it works
lequel and its three other forms are pronouns (a short word that stands in for a noun instead of sitting next to one) meaning "which one."
Unlike quel, which sits beside a noun, lequel replaces a noun you've already mentioned — so it stands completely alone.
It still agrees in gender and number with the noun it's replacing, and it contracts (fuses into a shorter combined word) when it follows the small linking words à or de.
Form
Replaces
+ à becomes
+ de becomes
lequel
masculine singular noun
auquel
duquel
laquelle
feminine singular noun
à laquelle (no fusion)
de laquelle (no fusion)
lesquels
masculine plural noun
auxquels
desquels
lesquelles
feminine plural noun
auxquelles
desquelles
Lequel de ces documents avez-vous ?Which one of these documents do you have?
Duquel de ces formulaires avez-vous besoin ?Which one of these forms do you need? (de + lequel → duquel)
Auquel de ces postes voulez-vous postuler ?Which one of these positions do you want to apply to? (à + lequel → auquel)
À laquelle de ces formations voulez-vous vous inscrire ?Which one of these training programs do you want to enrol in? (feminine — no fusion, "à" stays separate)
Auxquels de ces documents faites-vous référence ?Which of these documents are you referring to? (à + lesquels → auxquels)
You don't need to actively build these yourself yet — just recognise lequel / laquelle / lesquels / lesquelles (and their fused forms auquel, duquel, auxquels, auxquelles) when you meet them while reading or listening, and know they all mean some version of "which one(s)."
The 7 exceptions, at a glance
#
Exception
Remember it as
1
Euphonic -t-
vowel sound + il/elle/on → insert -t-; otherwise nothing extra
2
Inversion with "je"
awkward for most verbs — use est-ce que, except Puis-je / Ai-je
3
Full-noun subjects
noun stays put; a matching pronoun after the verb inverts instead
4
Que / qu'est-ce que / quoi
same meaning, three positions; only quoi can follow a preposition
5
Quel vs. qu'est-ce que
noun right after "what" → quel (agrees); "what" alone → qu'est-ce que
6
N'est-ce pas
fixed tag meaning "isn't that right?" — never changes shape
7
Lequel / laquelle / lesquels / lesquelles
"which one" — replaces a named noun; recognise only for now
192 real questions, grouped by pattern
No new rules here — just volume.
Every question below is something you could actually ask or hear in Canada: at the bank, at an immigration appointment, hunting for an apartment, at a job interview, in a grocery store, or in the TEF speaking exam room.
Tap 🌐 EN up top to see every translation at once.
Colour key: violet text marks a question word, a violet pill marks a piece that flips or moves.
1 · The same 10 questions, all 3 ways — 30 examples
One meaning, three finished sentences each. Read across each row — casual, then neutral, then formal — and notice the meaning never budges.
Casual — intonation
Neutral — est-ce que
Formal — inversion
Tu parles français ?Do you speak French?
Est-ce que tu parles français ?Do you speak French?
Parles-tu français ?Do you speak French?
Vous avez rendez-vous aujourd'hui ?Do you have an appointment today?
Est-ce que vous avez rendez-vous aujourd'hui ?Do you have an appointment today?
Avez-vous rendez-vous aujourd'hui ?Do you have an appointment today?
Vous travaillez au Canada ?Do you work in Canada?
Est-ce que vous travaillez au Canada ?Do you work in Canada?
Travaillez-vous au Canada ?Do you work in Canada?
Tu habites à Montréal ?Do you live in Montreal?
Est-ce que tu habites à Montréal ?Do you live in Montreal?
Habites-tu à Montréal ?Do you live in Montreal?
Vous avez vos documents ?Do you have your documents?
Est-ce que vous avez vos documents ?Do you have your documents?
Avez-vous vos documents ?Do you have your documents?
Vous cherchez un appartement ?Are you looking for an apartment?
Est-ce que vous cherchez un appartement ?Are you looking for an apartment?
Cherchez-vous un appartement ?Are you looking for an apartment?
Vous comprenez le français ?Do you understand French?
Est-ce que vous comprenez le français ?Do you understand French?
Comprenez-vous le français ?Do you understand French?
Tu as une voiture ?Do you have a car?
Est-ce que tu as une voiture ?Do you have a car?
As-tu une voiture ?Do you have a car?
Vous acceptez les cartes de crédit ?Do you accept credit cards?
Est-ce que vous acceptez les cartes de crédit ?Do you accept credit cards?
Acceptez-vous les cartes de crédit ?Do you accept credit cards?
Vous avez besoin d'aide ?Do you need help?
Est-ce que vous avez besoin d'aide ?Do you need help?
Avez-vous besoin d'aide ?Do you need help?
2 · Qui — who — 15 examples
As a subject, qui changes nothing about word order. As an object, it pairs with inversion or est-ce que.
Qui parle anglais ici ?Who speaks English here?
Qui travaille le samedi à la banque ?Who works Saturdays at the bank?
Qui voyez-vous à votre rendez-vous ?Whom do you see at your appointment? (inversion)
Qui s'occupe de mon dossier d'immigration ?Who is handling my immigration file?
Qui a les clés de l'appartement ?Who has the keys to the apartment?
Qui habite à cette adresse ?Who lives at this address?
Qui est-ce que vous voyez à votre rendez-vous ?Whom do you see at your appointment? (neutral)
Qui cherchez-vous dans cet immeuble ?Whom are you looking for in this building?
Qui est-ce que je dois contacter pour mon dossier ?Who should I contact about my file?
Qui avez-vous rencontré à l'entrevue d'embauche ?Whom did you meet at the job interview?
Qui peut m'aider avec ce formulaire ?Who can help me with this form?
Qui a signé le bail ?Who signed the lease?
Qui gère les réservations pour ce cours ?Who manages reservations for this course?
Qui dois-je appeler en cas d'urgence ?Who should I call in case of emergency?
Qui a préparé ce document ?Who prepared this document?
3 · Que / Qu'est-ce que / Quoi — what — 20 examples
Same meaning, three shapes: que + inversion, qu'est-ce que neutral, quoi standalone / after a preposition / at the end in casual speech.
Que voulez-vous savoir sur ce programme ?What do you want to know about this program? (formal)
Qu'est-ce que vous voulez savoir sur ce programme ?What do you want to know about this program? (neutral)
Vous voulez savoir quoi sur ce programme ?You want to know what about this program? (casual)
Que cherchez-vous exactement ?What are you looking for exactly?
Qu'est-ce que vous cherchez exactement ?What are you looking for exactly?
Vous cherchez quoi exactement ?You're looking for what, exactly?
Que faites-vous dans la vie ?What do you do for a living?
Qu'est-ce que vous faites dans la vie ?What do you do for a living?
Vous faites quoi dans la vie ?You do what for a living?
Que dois-je apporter à mon rendez-vous ?What must I bring to my appointment?
Qu'est-ce que je dois apporter à mon rendez-vous ?What must I bring to my appointment?
De quoi avez-vous besoin pour ouvrir un compte ?What do you need to open an account? (quoi after the preposition "de")
À quoi sert ce formulaire ?What is this form for?
Vous avez besoin de quoi pour ce dossier ?You need what for this file? (casual — quoi at the end)
Qu'est-ce qui ne va pas avec ma demande ?What's wrong with my application?
Que signifie ce mot sur le formulaire ?What does this word on the form mean?
Qu'est-ce que ça veut dire ?What does that mean?
Que recommandez-vous pour ce genre de dossier ?What do you recommend for this kind of file?
Qu'est-ce que vous recommandez pour ce genre de dossier ?What do you recommend for this kind of file?
Avec quoi dois-je remplir cette section ?What should I use to fill out this section?
4 · Où — where — 12 examples
Où habitez-vous ?Where do you live?
Où travaillez-vous ?Where do you work?
Où est la banque la plus proche ?Where is the nearest bank?
Où puis-je trouver ce formulaire ?Where can I find this form?
Où dois-je signer ?Where should I sign?
Où se trouve le bureau d'immigration ?Where is the immigration office located?
Où est-ce que je dois envoyer mes documents ?Where should I send my documents?
Où est situé cet appartement ?Where is this apartment located?
Vous habitez où ?You live where? (casual)
Où peut-on stationner près de la clinique ?Where can one park near the clinic?
D'où venez-vous ?Where are you from?
Où en est mon dossier de demande ?What is the status of my application file?
5 · Quand — when — 12 examples
Quand est votre rendez-vous ?When is your appointment?
Quand ouvre la banque ?When does the bank open?
Quand puis-je commencer ce travail ?When can I start this job?
Quand devons-nous soumettre les documents ?When must we submit the documents?
Quand est-ce que le magasin ferme ?When does the store close?
Quand avez-vous déménagé au Canada ?When did you move to Canada?
Quand recevrai-je ma réponse ?When will I receive my answer?
Vous partez quand ?You're leaving when? (casual)
Quand est la date limite pour ce formulaire ?When is the deadline for this form?
Quand aura lieu l'entrevue ?When will the interview take place?
Depuis quand habitez-vous ici ?Since when have you lived here?
Quand est-ce que je dois renouveler mon permis ?When do I need to renew my permit?
6 · Comment — how — 12 examples
Comment allez-vous ?How are you? (fixed greeting)
Comment vous appelez-vous ?What is your name?
Comment puis-je vous aider ?How can I help you?
Comment dois-je remplir ce formulaire ?How should I fill out this form?
Comment se rend-on à la clinique ?How does one get to the clinic?
Comment payez-vous, en argent comptant ou par carte ?How are you paying, cash or card?
Comment avez-vous trouvé cet appartement ?How did you find this apartment?
Comment fonctionne ce programme d'immigration ?How does this immigration program work?
Comment est-ce que je peux réserver un rendez-vous ?How can I book an appointment?
Vous venez ici comment ?How do you get here? (casual)
Comment s'appelle votre employeur ?What is your employer's name?
Comment savez-vous que le dossier est complet ?How do you know the file is complete?
7 · Pourquoi — why — 12 examples
Pourquoi stays up front in all three registers — it's answered with parce que (because).
Pourquoi étudiez-vous le français ?Why are you studying French? (formal)
Pourquoi est-ce que vous étudiez le français ?Why are you studying French? (neutral)
Pourquoi tu étudies le français ?Why are you studying French? (casual — still up front)
Pourquoi voulez-vous immigrer au Canada ?Why do you want to immigrate to Canada?
Pourquoi ce formulaire est-il incomplet ?Why is this form incomplete?
Pourquoi le magasin est-il fermé aujourd'hui ?Why is the store closed today?
Pourquoi avez-vous besoin de ce document ?Why do you need this document?
Pourquoi est-ce que ma demande a été refusée ?Why was my application refused?
Pourquoi cherchez-vous un nouvel appartement ?Why are you looking for a new apartment?
Pourquoi dois-je fournir une preuve de résidence ?Why must I provide proof of residence?
Pourquoi la banque demande-t-elle ce document ?Why is the bank asking for this document?
Pourquoi avez-vous changé d'emploi ?Why did you change jobs?
8 · Combien (de) — how much / how many — 15 examples
Combien coûte ce programme ?How much does this program cost?
Combien de documents dois-je apporter ?How many documents must I bring?
Combien de temps dure l'entrevue ?How long does the interview last?
Combien d'argent avez-vous besoin ?How much money do you need?
Combien de personnes habitent dans l'appartement ?How many people live in the apartment?
Combien coûte le loyer par mois ?How much is the rent per month?
Combien d'années avez-vous travaillé dans ce domaine ?How many years have you worked in this field?
Combien de frais dois-je payer pour ce formulaire ?How much in fees must I pay for this form?
Combien de temps faut-il pour recevoir une réponse ?How long does it take to receive an answer?
Ça coûte combien ?How much does it cost? (casual)
Vous avez combien d'enfants ?How many children do you have? (casual)
Combien de places sont disponibles pour ce cours ?How many spots are available for this course?
Combien de fois dois-je remplir ce formulaire ?How many times must I fill out this form?
Combien coûtent les frais de scolarité ?How much are the tuition fees?
Combien de semaines dois-je attendre pour mon permis de travail ?How many weeks must I wait for my work permit?
9 · Quel / quelle / quels / quelles — 20 examples (5 per form)
Same word, four spellings — it must agree with the noun standing right beside it.
Quel — masculine singular
Quel jour sommes-nous ?What day is it?
Quel est votre nom ?What is your name?
Quel est le numéro de votre dossier ?What is your file number?
Quel autobus dois-je prendre pour aller au centre-ville ?Which bus should I take to go downtown?
Quel formulaire dois-je remplir en premier ?Which form should I fill out first?
Quelle — feminine singular
Quelle heure est-il ?What time is it?
Quelle est votre adresse actuelle ?What is your current address?
Quelle est la date limite pour ce programme ?What is the deadline for this program?
Quelle formation avez-vous complétée ?What training have you completed?
Quelle est votre date de naissance ?What is your date of birth?
Quels — masculine plural
Quels documents avez-vous apportés ?Which documents have you brought?
Quels sont vos horaires de travail ?What are your work hours?
Quels papiers dois-je fournir pour ma demande de résidence ?Which papers must I provide for my residence application?
Quels sont les frais pour ce service ?What are the fees for this service?
Quels cours voulez-vous suivre ?Which courses do you want to take?
Quelles — feminine plural
Quelles informations cherchez-vous ?What information are you looking for?
Quelles sont les conditions pour ce poste ?What are the conditions for this position?
Quelles pièces d'identité avez-vous ?Which pieces of ID do you have?
Quelles sont les heures d'ouverture de la clinique ?What are the clinic's opening hours?
Quelles options avez-vous pour ce type de compte ?What options do you have for this type of account?
10 · Inversion with the euphonic -t- — 12 examples
Verb ends in a vowel sound, pronoun is il / elle / on → the -t- slips in to keep the sound smooth.
Parle-t-il français couramment ?Does he speak French fluently?
Habite-t-elle près d'ici ?Does she live near here?
Travaille-t-il à temps plein ?Does he work full-time?
A-t-elle rempli le formulaire ?Has she filled out the form?
Arrive-t-il à l'heure au rendez-vous ?Does he arrive on time for the appointment?
Le train part-il à midi ?Does the train leave at noon?
Va-t-on à la banque aujourd'hui ?Are we going to the bank today?
Le magasin ferme-t-il à 21h ?Does the store close at 9pm?
Cherche-t-elle un nouvel appartement ?Is she looking for a new apartment?
Mange-t-on ici ou apporte-t-on le lunch ?Do we eat here, or bring our lunch?
La clinique accepte-t-elle les nouveaux patients ?Does the clinic accept new patients?
Reste-t-il des places disponibles pour ce cours ?Are there still spots available for this course?
11 · Inversion in the passé composé — 12 examples
Only the auxiliary (avoir / être) flips with the pronoun — the past participle stays put, right after.
As-tu reçu la lettre de l'immigration ?Have you received the letter from immigration?
Avez-vous rempli tous les documents ?Have you filled out all the documents?
Est-elle arrivée à temps pour l'entrevue ?Did she arrive on time for the interview?
Es-tu allé à la banque hier ?Did you go to the bank yesterday?
A-t-il trouvé un appartement ?Has he found an apartment?
Avez-vous payé les frais de demande ?Have you paid the application fees?
Ont-ils signé le bail ?Have they signed the lease?
As-tu apporté ton passeport ?Did you bring your passport?
Marie a-t-elle terminé sa formation ?Has Marie finished her training?
Sont-ils partis avant midi ?Did they leave before noon?
Avez-vous appelé la clinique pour confirmer ?Have you called the clinic to confirm?
As-tu compris les instructions sur le formulaire ?Did you understand the instructions on the form?
12 · TEF Section A — interviewing about a document, formal "vous" — 20 examples
The exact task the exam gives you: a flyer for a French course lands in front of you, and you must ask the interlocutor everything missing from it. These 20 questions are a ready-made model for that task.
Est-ce que ce cours est offert le soir ?Is this course offered in the evening?
Quel est le prix de l'inscription ?What is the registration price?
Combien de temps dure la formation ?How long does the training last?
Où se donnent les cours ?Where are the classes held?
Quels documents dois-je apporter pour m'inscrire ?Which documents must I bring to register?
Est-ce qu'il y a des places disponibles pour ce trimestre ?Are there spots available this term?
Quelle est la date limite d'inscription ?What is the registration deadline?
Avez-vous des places pour les débutants ?Do you have spots for beginners?
Combien coûte le matériel scolaire ?How much does the school material cost?
Est-ce que le certificat est reconnu pour l'immigration ?Is the certificate recognized for immigration?
Quels sont les horaires disponibles pour ce cours ?What are the available schedules for this course?
Pouvez-vous m'envoyer plus d'informations par courriel ?Can you send me more information by email?
Est-ce que le stationnement est inclus ?Is parking included?
Quelle formation dois-je avoir avant de m'inscrire ?What training must I have before enrolling?
Combien d'étudiants y a-t-il par classe ?How many students are there per class?
Est-ce que je peux annuler mon inscription si nécessaire ?Can I cancel my registration if necessary?
Quels sont les modes de paiement acceptés ?What payment methods are accepted?
À quelle heure commence la première session ?What time does the first session start?
Est-ce qu'il y a un rabais pour les nouveaux arrivants ?Is there a discount for newcomers?
Puis-je visiter les lieux avant de m'inscrire ?May I visit the premises before enrolling?
Tally for this tab: 30 (yes/no, 3 forms) + 15 (qui) + 20 (que/qu'est-ce que/quoi) + 12 (où) + 12 (quand) + 12 (comment) + 12 (pourquoi) + 15 (combien de) + 20 (quel/quelle/quels/quelles) + 12 (euphonic -t- inversion) + 12 (passé composé inversion) + 20 (TEF Section A interview) = 192 real French example questions in this tab.
Translation traps (English → French)
Est-ce que tu fais parler français ? → Est-ce que tu parles français ? — English inserts a helper word into every question ("Do you speak French?"), so it's tempting to insert a matching helper in French. French never adds an extra helper verb for est-ce que or inversion — the real verb does the work by itself.
Comment êtes-vous ? → Comment allez-vous ? — a word-for-word translation of "how are you" reaches for être (to be), but this exact greeting is a fixed phrase built with aller (to go), not être.
Combien argent avez-vous ? → Combien d'argent avez-vous ? — English "how much money" needs no linking word between the two pieces, but French combien always needs de (d' before a vowel sound) glued right in front of the noun.
Quoi vous voulez ? → Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ? / Vous voulez quoi ? — English "what do you want" puts "what" up front, so it's tempting to open a French sentence with quoi too. Quoi never opens a sentence on its own — it only stands after a preposition, or, in casual speech, right at the very end.
Vous avez un compte, non ? → Avez-vous un compte ? / Est-ce que vous avez un compte ? — English can turn a statement into a question just by tacking "right?" onto the end. In formal French writing, a real flip (inversion) or est-ce que is needed — a tacked-on tag isn't enough.
Habits from Hindi / Punjabi that sneak into French
Each slip below comes from a habit in your first language — completely natural, and worth noticing once so you can catch it before the exam.
The last one isn't really tied to Hindi or Punjabi at all — it trips up everyone, whatever language they grew up speaking.
Hindi/Punjabi can form a question just by adding a question word at the start, or by rising tone alone — no subject-verb flip is required at all:
Vous avez un compte bancaire ? (written exactly like that, with nothing else added) → Est-ce que vous avez un compte bancaire ? / Avez-vous un compte bancaire ?
Cue: in formal writing, a question needs a visible marker — est-ce que up front or a hyphenated flip.
Rising tone by itself only works when someone can actually hear your voice.
Hindi/Punjabi question words usually stay in the same slot a statement would put that piece of information — so the reflex is to leave the question word in the middle instead of moving it to the front:
Vous habitez où au Canada ? (as an attempt at a neutral or formal question) → Où est-ce que vous habitez au Canada ? / Où habitez-vous au Canada ?
Cue: in the neutral and formal styles, the question word jumps to the very front.
It only stays at the end in the one casual, spoken-only style.
Because Hindi/Punjabi lean on one all-purpose word for "what," it's natural to reach for one all-purpose French word too — so quel and qu'est-ce que get treated as interchangeable:Qu'est-ce que document avez-vous ? → Quel document avez-vous ?
Cue: if a noun follows "what," you need quel, and it must agree with that noun.
If "what" stands alone, you need qu'est-ce que.
This last one isn't tied to Hindi or Punjabi at all — it trips up everyone, whatever language they grew up speaking: nothing in any other language prepares you for the tiny euphonic -t-, so it gets left out constantly:
Parle-il bien français ? → Parle-t-il bien français ?
Cue: with il/elle/on only, if the verb form ends in a vowel letter (like the -e of parle, or the -a of a/va), slide a -t- in between.
The four switch-offs to drill: ① a real flip or est-ce que — not rising tone alone — in writing · ② the question word moves to the front in the neutral and formal styles, only to the end in the casual style · ③ quel agrees with a following noun; qu'est-ce que stands alone · ④ the euphonic -t- with il/elle/on, whenever the verb form ends in a vowel letter.
Mistake bank — 76 to fix for good
These are the question-building slips that cost the most marks, sorted by type.
Read the wrong version, then the fix, then the why — then practise the same pattern live in the Drills tab.
Sections C and D below deserve extra attention: they're the two most common slips in this chapter, and both come back in the deep-dive at the end.
A · Relying on intonation alone in formal writing instead of est-ce que or inversion
✗ Wrong
✓ Right
Why
Vous avez un compte bancaire ? (as the whole written question)
Est-ce que vous avez un compte bancaire ?
on paper there's no rising voice to signal a question — add a visible marker
Tu comprends la question ? (written exam answer)
Comprends-tu la question ?
same fix — inversion also works
Vous êtes disponible lundi ? (formal email)
Est-ce que vous êtes disponible lundi ?
a formal written message needs a real marker, not just a question mark
Il y a des places ? (cover letter)
Y a-t-il des places ?
inversion signals the question without needing a spoken voice
Le formulaire est prêt ? (reading-section answer)
Le formulaire est-il prêt ?
double subject + inversion, no rising tone needed
Vous parlez anglais ? (exam interview task)
Est-ce que vous parlez anglais ?
the exam's formal task expects a visible question marker every time
On peut visiter l'appartement ? (rental inquiry, written)
Est-ce qu'on peut visiter l'appartement ?
same rule for written inquiries of any kind
Le train part à midi ? (copied straight from speech)
Le train part-il à midi ?
what sounds fine spoken needs a marker once it's on the page
B · Forgetting the hyphen in inversion, or forgetting the double subject with a noun subject
✗ Wrong
✓ Right
Why
Parles tu français ?
Parles-tu français ?
the hyphen between verb and pronoun is never optional
Habitez vous ici ?
Habitez-vous ici ?
same — hyphen required
Avez vous fini ?
Avez-vous fini ?
same — hyphen required
Parle Marie français ?
Marie parle-t-elle français ?
never move a full noun after the verb — keep it in place and add a matching pronoun
Part le train à midi ?
Le train part-il à midi ?
same double-subject rule
Sont prêts les documents ?
Les documents sont-ils prêts ?
same double-subject rule, plural pronoun ils
Habite votre famille ici ?
Votre famille habite-t-elle ici ?
noun subject stays first, pronoun echo added after the verb
Travaille votre collègue au bureau ?
Votre collègue travaille-t-il au bureau ?
same — noun in place, pronoun echo after the verb
C · Missing the euphonic -t- (and over-adding it where it doesn't belong)
✗ Wrong
✓ Right
Why
Parle-il bien français ?
Parle-t-il bien français ?
parle ends in the vowel letter -e + il → insert -t-
A-elle fini le formulaire ?
A-t-elle fini le formulaire ?
a ends in the vowel letter -a + elle → insert -t-
Va-on à la banque ?
Va-t-on à la banque ?
va ends in -a + on → insert -t-
Arrive-elle à l'heure ?
Arrive-t-elle à l'heure ?
arrive ends in -e + elle → insert -t-
Coûte-il cher, ce cours ?
Coûte-t-il cher, ce cours ?
coûte ends in -e + il → insert -t-
Habite-il près d'ici ?
Habite-t-il près d'ici ?
habite ends in -e + il → insert -t-
Reste-il des places ?
Reste-t-il des places ?
reste ends in -e + il → insert -t-
Continue-on le cours demain ?
Continue-t-on le cours demain ?
continue ends in -e + on → insert -t-
Habitez-t-vous ici ?
Habitez-vous ici ?
the -t- patch only ever appears with il/elle/on — never add it with vous
Vas-t-tu au rendez-vous ?
Vas-tu au rendez-vous ?
same over-application — never add -t- with tu
D · Confusing quel (agreeing adjective) with qu'est-ce que (fixed phrase)
✗ Wrong
✓ Right
Why
Qu'est-ce que document avez-vous ?
Quel document avez-vous ?
a noun follows "what" → needs the agreeing adjective quel, not qu'est-ce que
Quel voulez-vous ?
Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?
quel needs a noun right after it; here "what" stands alone, so use qu'est-ce que
Qu'est-ce que heure est-il ?
Quelle heure est-il ?
a noun (heure) follows → quelle, agreeing feminine singular
Quel est-ce que vous cherchez ?
Qu'est-ce que vous cherchez ?
don't glue quel and est-ce que together — pick one
Qu'est-ce que jour sommes-nous ?
Quel jour sommes-nous ?
a noun (jour) follows → quel
Quel dois-je apporter ?
Qu'est-ce que je dois apporter ?
no noun after quel here — "what" stands alone, so use qu'est-ce que
Qu'est-ce que documents dois-je apporter ?
Quels documents dois-je apporter ?
a noun (documents) follows → quels, masculine plural
Quel est-ce que vous voulez ?
Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?
double-marking "what" with both words at once — keep only one
E · Wrong gender/number agreement on quel/quelle/quels/quelles
✗ Wrong
✓ Right
Why
Quel heure est-il ?
Quelle heure est-il ?
heure is feminine singular → quelle
Quelle documents avez-vous ?
Quels documents avez-vous ?
documents is masculine plural → quels
Quel informations cherchez-vous ?
Quelles informations cherchez-vous ?
informations is feminine plural → quelles
Quels adresse habitez-vous ?
Quelle adresse habitez-vous ?
adresse is feminine singular → quelle
Quelle jour sommes-nous ?
Quel jour sommes-nous ?
jour is masculine singular → quel
Quel places sont disponibles ?
Quelles places sont disponibles ?
places is feminine plural → quelles
Quelles horaire proposez-vous ?
Quel horaire proposez-vous ?
horaire is masculine singular → quel
Quick check for D and E together: first ask is there a noun right after "what/which"? No noun → qu'est-ce que. Noun present → quel, then match its gender and number exactly as you would for any other describing word.
More mistakes to catch
F · Misplacing the question word — stuck at the front casually, or dragged to the end formally
✗ Wrong
✓ Right
Why
Où tu habites ? (intended as the casual version)
Tu habites où ?
the casual style pushes the question word to the very end — leaving it up front just mixes patterns
Vous habitez où est-ce que ?
Où est-ce que vous habitez ?
the neutral style keeps the question word up front
Habitez-vous où ?
Où habitez-vous ?
the formal style also keeps the question word up front
Voulez-vous quoi ?
Que voulez-vous ? / Vous voulez quoi ?
don't combine formal inversion with the casual end-position quoi
Vous quand arrivez ?
Quand arrivez-vous ? / Vous arrivez quand ?
stranding the word mid-sentence matches neither the front pattern nor the end pattern
Vous cherchez pourquoi un appartement ?
Pourquoi cherchez-vous un appartement ?
pourquoi stays up front in every style — it never moves to the end
Le rendez-vous est quand est-ce que ?
Quand est-ce que le rendez-vous est ? / Quand est le rendez-vous ?
est-ce que pairs with the question word at the front, never tacked on after a finished statement
G · Que without inversion, or qu'est-ce que glued together incorrectly
✗ Wrong
✓ Right
Why
Que tu veux ?
Qu'est-ce que tu veux ? / Que veux-tu ?
que alone needs inversion — unlike qu'est-ce que, it can't sit in front of unchanged word order
Que vous voulez ?
Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ? / Que voulez-vous ?
same fix
Qu'est-ce que voulez-vous ?
Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?
qu'est-ce que already removes the need for inversion — don't add it on top
Qu'est ce que tu veux ?
Qu'est-ce que tu veux ?
keep the hyphens and apostrophe — it's one fixed, glued phrase
Qu'est-ce-que vous cherchez ?
Qu'est-ce que vous cherchez ?
no hyphen between ce and que — only qu'-est-ce is hyphenated
Que voulez-vous que ?
Que voulez-vous ?
don't repeat que a second time at the end
Qu'est-ce que c'est que vous voulez ?
Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?
don't stack two "what" phrases together
H · Inversion errors in the passé composé — flipping the participle instead of the auxiliary
✗ Wrong
✓ Right
Why
Mangé-tu ?
As-tu mangé ?
flip the auxiliary as, not the past participle mangé
Partie-elle ?
Est-elle partie ?
flip the auxiliary est; the participle stays after, unaffected
Fini-vous vos documents ?
Avez-vous fini vos documents ?
flip the auxiliary avez, participle fini stays put
Reçu-t-il la lettre ?
A-t-il reçu la lettre ?
flip the auxiliary a (with euphonic -t-), not the participle
Arrivés-ils à l'heure ?
Sont-ils arrivés à l'heure ?
flip the auxiliary sont, participle arrivés stays after
Vu-tu le médecin ?
As-tu vu le médecin ?
same fix — auxiliary flips, participle doesn't
Signé-vous le bail ?
Avez-vous signé le bail ?
same fix — auxiliary flips, participle doesn't
I · Trying inversion with "je"
✗ Wrong
✓ Right
Why
Parlé-je français ?
Est-ce que je parle français ?
inverting "je" with most verbs sounds awkward — use est-ce que instead
Travaillé-je demain ?
Est-ce que je travaille demain ?
same fix
Habité-je trop loin ?
Est-ce que j'habite trop loin ?
same fix
Veux-je un rendez-vous ?
Est-ce que je veux un rendez-vous ?
same fix
Peux-je poser une question ?
Puis-je poser une question ?
this exact meaning is one of the fixed exceptions — the special form is puis-je, not peux-je
Sais-je la réponse ?
Est-ce que je sais la réponse ?
same fix — avoid inverting "je"
Étudié-je le français depuis longtemps ?
Est-ce que j'étudie le français depuis longtemps ?
same fix
J · Combien vs. combien de — the missing (or wrongly added) "de"
✗ Wrong
✓ Right
Why
Combien documents avez-vous ?
Combien de documents avez-vous ?
combien + noun always needs de in between
Combien temps dure la formation ?
Combien de temps dure la formation ?
same fix
Combien argent avez-vous ?
Combien d'argent avez-vous ?
de shrinks to d' before a vowel sound
Combien étudiants y a-t-il ?
Combien d'étudiants y a-t-il ?
same fix
Combien coûte de billet ?
Combien coûte le billet ?
no noun follows combien here — de isn't needed in front of a verb like coûter
Combien de ça coûte ?
Combien ça coûte ?
same — don't add de in front of a pronoun + verb
Combien des documents avez-vous ?
Combien de documents avez-vous ?
plain de, not des, in front of the noun
Deep-dive — the 5 errors that cost the most
1 · Relying on intonation alone in writing
Vous avez un compte bancaire ? · Le formulaire est prêt ?(each written as the entire question, nothing else added)
Est-ce que vous avez un compte bancaire ? · Le formulaire est-il prêt ?
Why
rising tone is completely normal in the spoken French you'll hear constantly in Canada, so the ear files it away as "how questions sound."
On paper there's no voice to rise, so the reader needs a marker they can actually see.
Fix
build a habit — every time you write a question, physically check for est-ce que at the front or a hyphenated flip.
If neither is there, you've only written a statement with a question mark.
Micro-drilltake 6 casual spoken questions you'd say to a friend and rewrite each one formally with est-ce que.
Speakingin the exam's formal interview task, aim for at least one of est-ce que or inversion on every question you ask — pure rising tone sounds too casual for what that task expects.
Writingproofread every question mark in your text and trace back to confirm est-ce que or a hyphenated flip sits before it.
TEF riskSection A rewards exactly the fix above — a string of plain statements with question marks reads as underdeveloped, even when every word is spelled correctly.
2 · Missing the euphonic -t-
Parle-il bien français ? · A-elle fini le formulaire ?
Parle-t-il bien français ? · A-t-elle fini le formulaire ?
Why
nothing in English signals this patch at all — English never inserts an extra sound between two words — so there's no instinct telling you it's missing.
It only appears in this one specific spot, so it slips out easily.
Fixbuild a two-step check on every inverted question with il/elle/on — say the pronoun right after the verb, and if the verb form ends in the vowel letter -e or -a, slide a -t- in between.
Micro-drilltake 6 -er verbs with il/elle/on and invert each one aloud, catching exactly where the -t- has to appear.
Speakingslow down very slightly on any inverted question with il/elle/on — that split second is exactly when the -t- gets skipped under pressure.
Writingread every hyphenated inversion silently to yourself before submitting — if the verb form ends in -e or -a and the pronoun is il/elle/on, check the -t- is there.
TEF riska missing -t- is a small, very visible accuracy error that repeats constantly in formal writing and the exam interview task, since so many everyday questions use il/elle/on.
3 · The quel / qu'est-ce que mix-up
Qu'est-ce que document avez-vous ? · Quel voulez-vous ?
Quel document avez-vous ? · Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?
Whyboth words can translate to English "what," so they get filed under one mental bucket — but they're grammatically opposite: one is a fixed phrase that never changes, the other is a describing word that needs a partner noun and must agree with it.
Fixrun the noun test every single time — is there a noun sitting right after "what"? Yes → quel, matching its gender and number. No → qu'est-ce que.
Micro-drilltake 6 English "what" questions and sort each one into a bucket — noun-after or no-noun — before translating.
Speakingin the exam interview task, pause half a beat on "what" moments to run the noun test — this exact mix-up is the one graders hear most often.
Writingcircle every instance of "what" in your English draft and label it quel or qu'est-ce que before writing the French sentence.
TEF riskthis is the single most common mix-up in the whole chapter — expect it to show up in reading, listening, and speaking tasks alike.
4 · Missing the double subject with a noun subject
Parle Marie français ? · Part le train à midi ?
Marie parle-t-elle français ? · Le train part-il à midi ?
Why
the closest English pattern ("Does Mary speak French?") moves the doer's role around the verb without a hitch, so it feels natural to try moving the French noun the same way.
French never moves the noun — it stays exactly where it was, and a pronoun echo is added after the verb instead.
Fixbuild the question in two steps — first leave the noun exactly where it is, then add the matching pronoun (il/elle/ils/elles) after the verb, hyphenated, applying the -t- patch if the verb form needs it.
Micro-drilltake 6 statements with a noun subject and turn each into a question, keeping the noun in place and just adding the pronoun echo.
Speakingwhen interviewing about a document with a named subject ("le formulaire," "la date limite"), remind yourself: name stays first, pronoun echoes after the verb.
Writingproofread every question with a named subject and confirm the noun never moved, with a matching pronoun right after the verb.
TEF riskthis shows up constantly in the exam's document-interview task, since documents are full of named things — schedules, prices, dates — you'll be asking about directly.
5 · Question-word position errors
Vous habitez où est-ce que ? · Habitez-vous où ?
Où est-ce que vous habitez ? · Où habitez-vous ?
Why
this is the one place French genuinely relocates a question word depending on how formal you're being, and it only moves in one direction — to the end, and only in the casual style.
That makes it easy to overcorrect and start moving the question word in the neutral or formal styles too, where it must stay up front.
Fixlock in the rule as a one-way street — question word to the front by default (neutral, formal); only the casual, spoken-only style sends it to the end.
Micro-drilltake 6 question words and build all 3 styles for each one, checking the position every time.
Speakingdefault to keeping the question word at the front — it's correct in two of the three styles and never wrong in writing.
Writingnever place a question word at the end of a formal or neutral sentence — that position is reserved strictly for the casual, spoken-only style.
TEF riskSection A is scored in the formal, vous style, so a question word stranded at the end reads as a mismatch in formality even when every other word is correct.
Turn each miss into a drill: whenever you make one of these, do 5 of that type in the Drills tab, then re-check yourself two days later. Sections C (the euphonic -t-) and D (quel vs. qu'est-ce que) deserve extra repetitions above all the rest.
Speaking practice — ask any question without stopping to think
In the speaking exam there is no time to build a question piece by piece in your head — a question only earns points when it comes out whole and fast.
So do everything here out loud: say the line, swap one word, say it again.
Your target is est-ce que that fires automatically for any full question, plus clean inversion (avez-vous, pouvez-vous) when you want to sound more polished.
This whole tab points at one thing: the TEF Expression Orale Section A, where you ask an interlocutor a series of formal vous questions about a document to fill in what's missing.
Tap 🌐 EN up top for translations.
1 · Swap one word at a time (say every line out loud)
Ladder A — same opener (est-ce que), different subject, verb and detail
Start with: Est-ce que vous avez rendez-vous aujourd'hui ?Do you have an appointment today? Then change just one word each time and say the new question out loud — keeping est-ce que glued to the front and the word order behind it completely unchanged.
Why it helps: this is the safe question you'll reach for most in the exam, so your mouth needs to build it without a single pause:
Est-ce que vous avez rendez-vous demain ?Do you have an appointment tomorrow?
Est-ce que vous acceptez les cartes de crédit ?Do you accept credit cards?
Est-ce qu'il y a un parking près d'ici ?Is there parking near here?
Est-ce qu'il y a des places disponibles ?Is there availability?
Est-ce que je dois apporter une pièce d'identité ?Must I bring an ID?
Est-ce que je dois apporter deux photos ?Must I bring two photos?
Notice line 3 and 4: before a vowel, est-ce que squeezes to est-ce qu' (est-ce qu'il). Everything else stays put — that's the whole point of this opener.
Ladder B — inversion (the formal flip), same hyphen every time
Start with: Avez-vous un formulaire ?Do you have a form? Then change just one word each time and say the new question out loud, keeping the verb and the pronoun flipped and joined by a hyphen every single time.
Why it helps: inversion is what makes you sound polished in the exam room — and the euphonic -t- (the little sound-smoother added between a vowel and il/elle/on) has to become a reflex, not a decision:
Avez-vous une pièce d'identité ?Do you have an ID?
Pouvez-vous répéter, s'il vous plaît ?Can you repeat, please?
Pouvez-vous m'expliquer la procédure ?Can you explain the procedure to me?
Le cours commence-t-il à neuf heures ?Does the class start at nine? (noun subject → double subject; -t- because commence ends in a vowel sound + il)
La réunion a-t-elle lieu lundi ?Does the meeting take place on Monday? (-t- again: a + elle)
Les documents sont-ils obligatoires ?Are the documents required? (no -t- — sont ends in a consonant sound)
2 · Quick answers — ask the question out loud in under 3 seconds
Cover the right column. Read the English cue on the left and ask the French question out loud immediately — a full, correct question, not half of one.
Then uncover and compare. Why it helps: Section A gives you no thinking time either — you see a gap on the document and must turn it into a clean vous question on the spot.
Any correct form counts; the safe est-ce que version is shown, with a formal-inversion alternative in brackets.
Ask about… (English cue)
A correct French question (say it fast)
the price of registration
Combien coûte l'inscription ?How much does registration cost?
which documents to bring
Quels documents dois-je apporter ?Which documents must I bring?
what time the office opens
À quelle heure ouvre le bureau ?What time does the office open?
whether parking is available
Est-ce qu'il y a un parking ?Is there parking? (formal: Y a-t-il un parking ?)
where the appointment takes place
Où est-ce que le rendez-vous a lieu ?Where does the appointment take place? (formal: Où le rendez-vous a-t-il lieu ?)
when the course starts
Quand est-ce que le cours commence ?When does the course start? (formal: Quand le cours commence-t-il ?)
why the form is required
Pourquoi ce formulaire est-il obligatoire ?Why is this form required?
how many people can attend
Combien de personnes peuvent participer ?How many people can attend?
3 · The centrepiece — a full TEF Section A simulation
This is the exact task you'll face. Below is a short document with gaps — information it doesn't give you.
Your job: play the candidate and ask the receptionist 8–10 questions out loud, in the formal vous style, to fill those gaps.
Ask everything you'd need to actually sign up.
Give yourself no more than 3 seconds between questions — then tap the button to compare with a full sample set.
📄 The document — a flyer for a community French class
Centre communautaire de Laval — Cours de français
Cours du soir pour débutants. Inscriptions ouvertes.
Début : septembre. Places limitées.
Renseignements à l'accueil.
What's missing (your gaps to fill):
the exact start date
which evenings and what time
the price
how many places are left
which documents to bring
whether there's a placement test
where the classroom is
whether you can pay by card.
Ask your 8–10 formal questions out loud now — one for each gap above — then reveal a full sample set. (This is one good way to ask; not the only way.)
Bonjour, je voudrais des renseignements sur le cours de français, s'il vous plaît.
1. Quand est-ce que le cours commence exactement ?
2. Quels soirs a-t-il lieu, et à quelle heure ?
3. Combien coûte l'inscription ?
4. Combien de places reste-t-il ?
5. Quels documents est-ce que je dois apporter pour m'inscrire ?
6. Est-ce qu'il y a un test de niveau avant de commencer ?
7. Où se trouve la salle de classe ?
8. Est-ce que je peux payer par carte ?
9. Puis-je m'inscrire aujourd'hui même ?
Merci beaucoup pour votre aide.Hello, I'd like some information about the French class, please. 1. When exactly does the course start? 2. Which evenings does it take place, and at what time? 3. How much does registration cost? 4. How many places are left? 5. Which documents must I bring to register? 6. Is there a placement test before starting? 7. Where is the classroom? 8. Can I pay by card? 9. May I register today? Thank you very much for your help.
See the mix? Est-ce que carries the safe full-sentence questions, quel/quels handles the specific named things (quels soirs, quels documents), combien de handles the numbers (combien de places), and one polished Puis-je…? at the end shows range. That's a full-marks Section A shape — and est-ce que alone would already pass.
4 · Two more mini role-plays (ask 5–6 questions each)
Same idea, smaller. Ask your questions out loud first, then tap Show a sample response to compare. Stay in the formal vous the whole way through.
A · At the pharmacy — you're picking up a prescription.
Ask the pharmacist: whether the medication is ready, how many times a day to take it, whether you can take it with food, how much it costs, and whether it's covered by your insurance.
Ask at least 5 questions, all in vous.
Why: gathering practical details from a professional is exactly what Section A rewards.
Bonjour, est-ce que mon médicament est prêt ? Combien de fois par jour est-ce que je dois le prendre ? Est-ce que je peux le prendre avec de la nourriture ? Combien coûte ce médicament ? Est-ce qu'il est couvert par mon assurance ?Hello, is my medication ready? How many times a day must I take it? Can I take it with food? How much does this medication cost? Is it covered by my insurance?
B · Calling about an apartment listing — you saw an ad for a two-bedroom.
Ask the landlord: whether it's still available, what the rent is, whether heating is included, which month it's free from, whether pets are allowed, and when you could visit.
Ask at least 5 questions, all in vous.
Why: apartment-hunting questions come up constantly in real Canadian life and in exam documents.
Bonjour, est-ce que l'appartement est toujours disponible ? Quel est le loyer par mois ? Est-ce que le chauffage est inclus ? À partir de quel mois est-il libre ? Est-ce que les animaux sont acceptés ? Quand est-ce que je peux le visiter ?Hello, is the apartment still available? What is the rent per month? Is heating included? From which month is it free? Are pets allowed? When can I visit it?
5 · Fixing yourself while you speak
Heard yourself flip a verb without the hyphen sound, or drop the little -t- — a-il instead of a-t-il? Don't freeze and don't scrap the whole question. Pause a half-second, say a French filler word, and re-launch just the question: euh… pardon… a-t-il commencé ?um… sorry… has it started? Even easier under pressure: fall back on est-ce que, which never needs a hyphen or a -t- at all — est-ce qu'il a commencé ? works every time. Examiners hear a quick self-correction as a strength, not a slip. Quick check every time you ask: did I flip and hyphen it correctly — or is this safer as an est-ce que question?
Writing practice — get one question right, then build a whole interview
Writing is the one place you can slow down and check your work.
So build up in safe steps:
one correct question in est-ce que form
the very same question flipped into inversion
a short set of 5 connected questions about a document (the exact shape of the TEF Section A task)
a timed mini-interview against the clock
Short and correct beats long and broken — a missing hyphen or a quel that doesn't agree costs more than a plain, safe est-ce que question ever will.
1 · One question, two safe steps: est-ce que → inversion
For each cue, write the question twice: first the safe est-ce que version (glue it to the front, change nothing else), then the same question in inversion (flip verb and pronoun, add the hyphen, add the -t- if the verb ends in a vowel sound before il/elle/on).
Why: writing both trains you to reach the polished form on purpose, while always having the safe one in your pocket:
ask if he speaks English (il)
ask if the office is open on Saturday (le bureau)
ask if she has finished the form (elle, passé composé)
ask if you can pay by card (vous)
1. Est-ce qu'il parle anglais ? → Parle-t-il anglais ? · 2. Est-ce que le bureau est ouvert le samedi ? → Le bureau est-il ouvert le samedi ? · 3. Est-ce qu'elle a fini le formulaire ? → A-t-elle fini le formulaire ? · 4. Est-ce que vous pouvez payer par carte ? → Pouvez-vous payer par carte ?1. Does he speak English? — note the -t- (parle + il). 2. Is the office open on Saturday? — noun subject, so "le bureau … est-il". 3. Has she finished the form? — passé composé: flip the auxiliary a, participle fini stays. 4. Can you pay by card? — no -t- needed, pouvez ends in a consonant sound.
2 · Add a question word (and make quel agree)
Turn each cue into one correct question that starts with a question word.
Two of them need quel — and it must agree (match gender and number) with the noun right after it.
Why: quel + noun is the single most useful tool for asking about specific named things on an exam document:
ask what time the class starts
ask which documents are required (masculine plural)
ask where the meeting takes place
ask how much the deposit costs
ask which information is missing (feminine singular)
1. À quelle heure le cours commence-t-il ? · 2. Quels documents sont obligatoires ? · 3. Où est-ce que la réunion a lieu ? · 4. Combien coûte la caution ? · 5. Quelle information manque-t-il ?1. What time does the class start? — quelle (fem. sing., heure). 2. Which documents are required? — quels (masc. pl., documents). 3. Where does the meeting take place? 4. How much is the deposit? 5. Which information is missing? — quelle (fem. sing., information).
3 · Write 5 connected questions about a document (the Section A shape)
Here is a short job ad with gaps.
Write 5 questions in the formal vous style to ask the employer for the missing details — as if you were preparing your Section A interview on paper.
Try to use at least one quel and one combien de.
Why: this is the writing-desk version of the exact exam task, and planning your questions on paper first makes them come out cleanly out loud:
Épicerie Bonjour — recherche un(e) caissier(ère). Temps partiel.
Expérience un atout. Envoyez votre CV. Bonjour Grocery — looking for a cashier. Part-time. Experience an asset. Send your résumé. Gaps: the hourly wage · how many hours a week · which days · whether French is required · when they'd like you to start.
1. Quel est le salaire horaire ? 2. Combien d'heures par semaine faut-il travailler ? 3. Quels jours est-ce que je dois être disponible ? 4. Est-ce que le français est obligatoire pour ce poste ? 5. Quand est-ce que vous voulez que je commence ?1. What is the hourly wage? 2. How many hours a week must one work? 3. Which days must I be available? 4. Is French required for this position? 5. When would you like me to start?
4 · Two full sample question-sets — read these before you write
Both sets below are complete, natural Section A interviews on a document.
Notice how each one leans on est-ce que for the full-sentence questions, reaches for quel/quelle the moment it asks about a specific named thing, and uses combien de for the numbers — the same three-tool plan every time.
Set 1 — interviewing about a gym membership flyer
Bonjour, je voudrais des renseignements sur l'abonnement, s'il vous plaît. Combien coûte l'abonnement par mois ? Est-ce qu'il y a des frais d'inscription en plus ? Quels cours sont inclus dans l'abonnement ? À quelle heure est-ce que la salle ouvre le matin ? Combien de personnes est-ce qu'il y a dans un cours de groupe ? Est-ce que je peux annuler mon abonnement à tout moment ? Puis-je essayer la salle une fois avant de m'inscrire ?Hello, I'd like some information about the membership, please. How much is the membership per month? Are there registration fees on top? Which classes are included in the membership? What time does the gym open in the morning? How many people are there in a group class? Can I cancel my membership at any time? May I try the gym once before signing up?
Set 2 — interviewing a bank clerk about opening an account
Bonjour, je voudrais ouvrir un compte bancaire. Quels documents est-ce que je dois apporter pour ouvrir un compte ? Est-ce qu'il y a des frais mensuels ? Combien coûte une carte de débit ? Est-ce que je peux gérer mon compte en ligne ? Quel est le délai pour recevoir ma carte ? À qui est-ce que je dois m'adresser si j'ai un problème ? Puis-je prendre rendez-vous avec un conseiller aujourd'hui ?Hello, I'd like to open a bank account. Which documents must I bring to open an account? Are there monthly fees? How much does a debit card cost? Can I manage my account online? What is the wait time to receive my card? Whom should I speak to if I have a problem? May I make an appointment with an advisor today?
5 · Write against the clock (10 minutes)
Pick one document — a class flyer, a job ad, an apartment listing, or a service counter (bank, clinic, city hall).
Write 7 questions in the formal vous style to gather the missing details, exactly as you would for Section A.
Use at least one est-ce que question, at least one quel that agrees with its noun, and at least one combien de.
Add one polished inversion (avez-vous, pouvez-vous, puis-je) if you can.
Then run the checklist below. Why: this is a mini version of the real timed task, and doing it on paper first makes the spoken version far calmer.
6 · The checklist before you finish
① Did I use either est-ce que (glued to the front, nothing else moved) or correct inversion (verb and pronoun flipped) — and not a bare statement pretending to be a question?
② Did I add the hyphen in every inversion, and the -t- wherever the verb ends in a vowel sound before il / elle / on (commence-t-il, a-t-elle)?
③ Does every quel / quelle / quels / quelles match the gender and number of the noun right after it (quelle heure, quels documents)?
④ Is vous used consistently all the way through — no accidental slide into tu — and does every question end with a space and a "?"
Drill bank — fast practice, checked for you
Quick-fire practice on the 3 question types and every question word, checked as you go — reorder scrambled words into a full est-ce que question, turn a statement into a casual question, build the same question with est-ce que and with inversion, add the euphonic -t- when the sound needs it, then work through each question word (qui, que / qu'est-ce que / quoi, où and quand, comment and pourquoi).
Two modes: 🟢 Pratique shows the answer straight away; ⏱️ Examen keeps the answers for the end.
Transform — change one thing, keep it correct
Change one thing at a time: turn a statement into a question, swap casual for formal, add a question word, or shift the tense — and keep the sentence perfectly correct every step of the way.
Quiz — 50 questions, by category
A 50-question quiz covering the 3 question types and every question word — coming in the next pass of this workflow.
Rules summary
Rule
In one line
The 3 question forms
Every yes/no question can be built three ways, and all three ask the same thing. Intonation — keep the statement as it is and just raise your voice: Tu parles français ?Do you speak French? (casual, spoken only). Est-ce que — glue this fixed phrase onto the front, change nothing else: Est-ce que tu parles français ?Do you speak French? (safe everywhere). Inversion — flip the verb and the short subject word: Parles-tu français ?Do you speak French? (formal, for writing and the exam).
Inversion — the hyphen
The verb comes first, then a hyphen, then the short subject word (tu, il, elle, nous, vous, ils, elles). The hyphen is part of the spelling — never leave it out: Avez-vous rendez-vous ?Do you have an appointment?
Inversion — the double subject
When the subject is a full noun (Marie, le train), the noun stays first and you add a matching short word after the verb. Never move the noun itself after the verb: Marie parle-t-elle français ?Does Marie speak French? · Le train part-il bientôt ?Does the train leave soon?
Inversion — the euphonic -t-
Add a small -t- only when the verb ends in a vowel sound and the next word is il, elle, or on — it just keeps the sounds from crashing together: Parle-t-il français ?Does he speak French? · A-t-elle fini ?Has she finished? No -t- with tu, nous, vous, ils, elles, or when the verb already ends in a consonant sound: Avez-vous fini ?Have you finished?
Don't invert "je"
Flipping je sounds awkward — use est-ce que instead: Est-ce que je parle bien ?Am I speaking well? A couple of fixed phrases are fine as-is: Puis-je poser une question ?May I ask a question?
The question words
qui (who) · que / qu'est-ce que (what) · quoi (what, alone or after a small word like de, à, avec) · où (where) · quand (when) · comment (how) · pourquoi (why, answered with parce que) · combien (de) (how much / how many) · quel (which / what — an adjective, see below).
quel agrees with its noun
Quel is a describing word that sits right in front of a noun and must match it — masculine or feminine, one or many — even though all four forms sound almost the same: quel (masc. sing.) Quel jour sommes-nous ?What day is it? · quelle (fem. sing.) Quelle heure est-il ?What time is it? · quels (masc. pl.) Quels documents avez-vous ?Which documents do you have? · quelles (fem. pl.) Quelles informations cherchez-vous ?What information are you looking for?
quel vs. qu'est-ce que
Both can be "what" in English, but they're different words. Is there a noun right after "what"? Yes → use quel, and make it agree: Quel document voulez-vous ?Which document do you want? No, "what" stands alone → use qu'est-ce que (or que): Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?What do you want?
Where the question word sits
In the est-ce que and inversion forms the question word goes at the front: Où est-ce que tu habites ? / Où habites-tu ?Where do you live? In the casual intonation form it slides to the end: Tu habites où ?You live where? With "what," the casual end position also changes the word to quoi: Vous voulez quoi ?You want what?
Casual speech vs. the exam
In relaxed conversation people lean on intonation and end-of-sentence question words all the time. The TEF/TCF — writing and the formal parts of speaking — expects est-ce que or clean inversion, with the question word up front. On exam day, default to est-ce que and it is never wrong.
Easy ways to remember
Three tools, one question: intonation (just your voice), est-ce que (glue it on the front), inversion (flip the verb and the short subject word). All three mean the same thing — only how formal it sounds changes.
Est-ce que is your safety net: it works in speaking and writing, casual and formal, and the word order never changes. When you're not sure, reach for it — it is never wrong.
Inversion = verb + hyphen + short word. If the subject is a real name or a full noun, keep the noun first and add the matching short word after the verb (Marie parle-t-elle ?). Never fling the noun to the back.
The -t- is a sound-smoother, not a real word. Add it only before il / elle / on when the verb ends in a vowel sound: parle-t-il, a-t-elle, va-t-on.
Noun after "what"? Use quel — and make it agree. No noun, "what" stands alone? Use qu'est-ce que. That one question sorts out the chapter's biggest mix-up.
Question word to the FRONT in est-ce que and inversion; only in casual speech does it drop to the END (and "what" becomes quoi).
Say the whole question out loud before you write it — your ear catches a missing hyphen sound or a wrong quel ending faster than your eye does.
Top traps to re-check
✗ Wrong
✓ Right
Est-ce que parles-tu français ?
Est-ce que tu parles français ? / Parles-tu français ?
Parles tu français ?
Parles-tu français ? (the hyphen is required)
Parle Marie français ?
Marie parle-t-elle français ?
Parle-il français ?
Parle-t-il français ? (add the -t- before il)
Avez-t-vous fini ?
Avez-vous fini ? (no -t- with vous, or after a consonant sound)
Parlé-je français ?
Est-ce que je parle français ? (don't invert je)
Quel est-ce que vous voulez ?
Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ? (no noun after "what")
Quel heure est-il ?
Quelle heure est-il ? (heure is feminine → quelle)
Quel documents avez-vous ?
Quels documents avez-vous ? (documents is plural → quels)
Où tu habites ? (in writing / on the exam)
Où est-ce que tu habites ? / Où habites-tu ? (question word up front)
Review by category
Category
Do
The three question forms
Re-read the Learn and Visual Map tabs — the 3 question forms and where each question word sits. Then do the Quiz once in Practice mode to see where you stand.
Inversion
Study the inversion mechanics in the Learn tab slowly — the hyphen, the double subject for noun subjects, and the euphonic -t-. Then clear the inversion sets in the Drills tab.
Saying it
Go through the Examples tab and watch the same three forms repeat across real Canada-life situations. Then say the 3 role-plays from the Speak tab out loud. Record one on your phone and listen back.
quel and qu’est-ce que
Open the Mistakes tab and fix every sentence in the quel agreement section and the quel vs. qu'est-ce que section — that's the biggest mix-up in the whole chapter, so give it extra repetitions.
Writing it
Do the Write tab against the clock (10 minutes): build questions three ways and ask about a document. Then go through the checklist there.
Testing it cold
Do the Quiz in Exam mode. Aim for 42 out of 50.
Under time, out loud
Do the Drills tab from start to finish, timed. Then run a full TEF Section A document-interview out loud — ask 8 to 10 questions about a flyer or schedule, all in the vous form, without stopping.
Four passes after that
First pass: clear every category in the table above.
Widen it: redo every question you missed in the Mistakes tab, especially the quel agreement and quel vs. qu'est-ce que sets. Redo the Drills tab timed, without looking anything up first.
Mix it with earlier chapters: mix this chapter with an earlier one — write 10 questions that use a question word plus clean est-ce que or inversion, and cover où, quand, comment, combien de and at least two forms of quel.
Each morning, ask 5 vous-form questions out loud as if interviewing someone about a document.
Test it cold: do the Quiz and the Drills tab again with a timer, then run one full Section A document-interview out loud, recorded. Compare it with your first recording. Then fill in the checklist below.
Checklist — are you ready to move on?
I can turn any statement into a question three ways — intonation, est-ce que, and inversion — without stopping to think.
I build inversion correctly: verb + hyphen + short subject word, and I never forget the hyphen.
With a noun subject I keep the noun first and add the matching short word after the verb (Marie parle-t-elle ?), and I add the euphonic -t- only before il / elle / on after a vowel sound.
I use est-ce que instead of inverting je.
I know all the question words — qui, que/qu'est-ce que, quoi, où, quand, comment, pourquoi, combien de, quel — and I make quel / quelle / quels / quelles agree with its noun.
I know when to use quel (a noun follows "what") versus qu'est-ce que ("what" stands alone).
I put the question word at the front in est-ce que and inversion, and only at the end in casual speech.
Scored 42+ out of 50 on the Quiz in Exam mode.
Can run the TEF Section A document-interview task out loud without stopping.
Ready? All boxes ticked, 42/50 on the quiz, and a smooth Section A run — move on to the next chapter. Anything unticked — go back to that tab this week and redo it.
Your practice plan
Five stages, in order. Each stage is a different kind of work, and each one needs the one before it.
Finish a stage before you open the next, and tick it when it is done.
Your ticks are saved on this device, so you can close the page and come back.
1
See the pattern
Learn + Visual Map
Read the Learn tab slowly, top to bottom — the three ways to ask a question (intonation, est-ce que, and inversion), then the question words: qui, que, quoi, où, quand, comment, pourquoi, combien de, quel.
Then open the Visual Map and trace each form with your finger — where the question word sits at the front, and where the little -t-il hooks on in inversion.
Don't rush. The goal today is just to see the three shapes clearly, before you worry about producing them yourself.
Tip: take one plain sentence — Tu parles français. — and say it three ways out loud: raise your voice at the end, add est-ce que at the front, then flip to Parles-tu français ? Same meaning, three shapes. Do that with five different sentences.
2
Spot the trap
Examples + Mistakes
Read the Examples tab and watch the same three forms repeat across real Canada-life situations — banking, apartments, job interviews, doctor's appointments.
Then open the Mistakes tab. Cover the fix with your hand, look at each wrong sentence, and try to repair it yourself before you peek at the answer.
The quel agreement section — where quel / quelle / quels / quelles has to match the noun that follows it — and the quel vs. qu'est-ce que mix-up are the two biggest traps in the whole chapter.
Give them extra attention today.
Tip: keep a small notebook. Every mistake you almost made goes in it — that notebook becomes your personal review list.
3
Make it automatic
Drills — aim for 100 questions
Open the Drills tab and work through the sets — turn statements into questions three ways, build inversion with the hyphen and the euphonic -t-, drill the question words, and make quel agree with its noun.
Aim for 100 questions in total. It sounds like a lot, but each one takes a few seconds, and the repetition is exactly what turns the three forms into a reflex instead of a rule you have to think through.
Tip: when you miss one, don't just move on — do five more of that same type right away. Missed the hyphen? Build five inversion questions in a row.
4
Produce it yourself
Speak + Write labs
Today you produce, not just recognise. Do the Speak tab out loud — full voice, not in your head — including the quick answers under 3 seconds and the role-plays.
Then run the TEF Section A simulation: pick a flyer or schedule and ask 8 to 10 questions about it in the vous form, without stopping.
After that, do the Write tab on paper, by hand — build the same question three ways and ask about a document.
Saying and writing your own questions is harder than reading them, and that's exactly the point.
Tip: record your Section A run on your phone and listen back. Listen especially for a dropped hyphen sound in inversion, and for quel not matching its noun — those are the two easiest slips to miss while you're busy speaking.
5
Test it cold
Quiz in exam mode + Review plan
Take the 50-question Quiz in ⏱️ Exam mode — no peeking at answers until the end. Aim for 42 out of 50. Then open the Review tab, read through what you got wrong, and pick your plan for the coming week.
Tip: below 42? No stress — go back to the Mistakes tab, especially the quel agreement and quel vs. qu'est-ce que sets, redo it, and take the quiz again in three days.
All five stages ticked? You have taken this chapter from recognising the pattern to producing it under time. Bon courage !Good luck — you've got this.
My progress
One honest rule: check a box only when it has been true for 3 days in a row.
One good day can be luck — you might have just gotten lucky with easy sentences.
Three days in a row means the three question forms are really yours.
Your checks are saved on this device, so you can close the page and come back any time.
Your progress bar
0 of 17 boxes checked — 0%
Every box you check below fills this bar a little more. Watch it grow — that is your work, made visible.
The 7 steps to mastery
Learning a rule is not one jump — it is a ladder with 7 steps.
Each step is a little harder than the one before it.
For questions, that means moving from just recognising a correct question when you read one, all the way to catching yourself the moment a hyphen or a quel agreement slips out wrong.
Climb the steps in order. It is completely normal to sit on step 2 or 3 for a while.
Can you honestly say this?
Read each line out loud. If it is true — and has been true for 3 days — check it. If you hesitate, that's useful too: it tells you exactly which tab to visit next.
All 17 boxes checked? Then this chapter lives in you now, not just on the page. Come back in a month and re-read this list — if every box is still honestly true, move on with full confidence.
French With Guri · Grammar Mastery · Chapter 6 · Questions (3 Types) · English explanations, French practice.
This material is for one learner’s personal study. Copying it, sharing it, reselling it, uploading it to another site or file-sharing service, or using it to teach a class or to train a machine-learning model, all require written permission first.
Francora is independent. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or connected to the CCI Paris Île-de-France, France Éducation international, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, or any other examining body or government department. TEF, TEF Canada, TCF and TCF Canada are the trademarks of their respective owners and appear here only to say what this material prepares you for.
Exam formats, score scales and immigration thresholds change. Everything here reflects the published information we could verify at the time of writing, and nothing here is a guarantee of a result. Check the official exam and immigration sources before you act on anything that matters.